Table of Content

28 August 2017, Volume 12 Issue 4

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论文

Homology modeling of Candida albicans chitin synthase and its molecular docking study with FR-900403

SUN Bin, LIU Min, ZHAO Shi-zhen, WANG Shi-ben, HUANG Hong-li

2017, 12(4):  193-197,215. 

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Objective In order to further explore the structural features of the active site of Candida albicans chitin synthase. Methods Homologous 3D model of Candida albicans chitin synthase was built on the basis of the crystal coordinates of Yeast Chitin synthase,while the reliability of the model was assessed by Ramachandran plot and Profile-3D analysis.The active site of Candida albicans chitin synthase was searched by Insight Ⅱ-binding site analysis and important functional residues were located at the active site.To explore the binding mode of the Chitin synthase inhibitors FR-900403 with the active site of Candida albicans chitin synthase,FR-900403 was docked into the active site. Results The binding pattern predicted by the affinity module revealed that important residues interacted with the inhibitors FR-900403. Conclusion The study provided further refinement of the chitin synthase inhibitor binding interaction that may be used as a basis for new structure-based design efforts and discovery of antifungal agents.

Comparative evaluation of Sensititre YeastOne colorimetric panel with broth microdilution methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of Trichosporon asahii isolates

GUO Li-na, YU Shu-ying, WANG He, XU Ying-chun

2017, 12(4):  198-202,220. 

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Objective To assess the utility of a commercially prepared,colorimetric microdilution panel (Sensititre YeastOne) for testing T.asahii isolates. Methods A total of 62 T.asahii isolates against seven antifungal agents were detected simultaneously by both Sensititre YeastOne and broth microdilution method.The broth microdilution method was adopted as reference method.MIC endpoints were read after 24 h and 48 h of incubation. Results Susceptibility results by broth microdilution method:caspofungin and micafungin showed no in vitro antifungal activities against T.asahii,both of their MIC₉₀s were 16 μg/mL.Azoles had good antifungal activities against T.asahii isolates,MIC₉₀ were fluconazole (8 μg/mL),voriconazole (0.125 μg/mL) and itraconazole (0.5 μg/mL) at 24 h incubation.Three isolates (4.8%,3/62) of T.asahii had high MICs (4 μg/mL) against amphotericin B.After 24 h incubation,essential agreement (EA) between broth microdilution method and Sensititre YeastOne in seven agents were fluconazole (93.5%),voriconazole (98.4%),itraconazole (98.4%),amphotericin B (98.4%),5-flucytosine (88.7%),caspofungin(100%),micafungin(100%),respectively;EA between the two methods decreased to 83.9% (amphotericin B) and 67.7% (flucytosine) when MICs were determined at 48 h incubation.For broth microdilution method,poor agreement was observed mainly for amphotericin B (69.4%) and flucytosine (53.2%),while for Sensititre YeastOne,the overall EA of 24 h and 48 h MICs were excellent except for flucytosine (11.3%). Conclusions Azoles had good in vitro antifungal activities against T.asahii isolates.The Sensititre YeastOne appeared to be comparable to the CLSI broth microdilution method in testing T.asahii isolates and could be used as an alternative for susceptibility testing of T.asahii isolates in clinical laboratories.

Verapamil enhances antifungal activity of itraconazole against Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro

CHEN Pei-ying, ZENG Qiu-qiong, KONG Qing-tao, ZHANG Zheng, ZHANG Ling-li, ZENG Mei-hua, SANG Hong

2017, 12(4):  203-206. 

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Objective To study the effect of verapamil on antifungal activity of itraconazole against Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro. Methods Colony diameters were measured to compare the drug sensitivity when the strains were inoculated on the media with itraconazole alone and in the combination of verapamil.Spore germination were observated by microscope under itraconazole alone and in the combination of verapamil.Testing for susceptibility to itraconazole was carried out by the broth-based microdilution and E-test methods. Results Colony growth and conidia germination and biofilms were inhibited better under the combination of itraconazole and verapamil than that under itraconazole alone. Conclusions Verapamil enhances antifungal activity of itraconazole against Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro.

The role of IL-22 in oral candidiasis which caused by Candida albicans

TAN Jing-wen, HE Wen-jing, GAO Zhi-qin, YANG Hong, ZHANG Chu-guang, LIANG Yu-lin, YANG Lian-juan

2017, 12(4):  207-211. 

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Objective To evaluate the role of IL-22 in oral candidiasis which caused by Candida albicans. Methods We built the models of experimental oral candidiasis in BALB/c mice firstly.Then we used anti-IL-22 antibody to block the immune response.After that we estimate the manifestation of acute oral candidiasis and colonization of C.albicans in the tongue.Histopathological study and the cytokine changes of buccal mucosa were detected either. Results Mice which IL-22 were blocked showed thick pseudomembranous substance on the tongue and the fungal burden reached 1 700 CFU/mL.The normal mice showed thin pseudomembranous substance and the fungal burden was 980 CFU/mL.Histopathological examinations showed hyphae existing on the mucosal surface and invading epithelium accompanied by destruction of epithelium and inflammatory infiltration in the IL-22 blocked mice.Meanwhile,in the normal mice,there were less hyphae existing and rare inflammation.The Real-time PCR showed that compare with wild mice,the fold change of TNF-α,CXCL-9,CXCL-10,CXCL-11 in IL-22 blocked one were 18.1,0.8,1.2 and 0.9 times.Which were 34.5,1.2,6.1and 1.7 times in IL-22 normal mice. Conclusions IL-22 can be protective through enhance the secretion of chemotactic factor in oral candidiasis which caused by C.albicans.

Pulmonary cryptococcosis presenting as necrotizing granuloma:a clinicopathologic analysis of 28 cases

ZHANG Li-yan, ZHANG Dong-lei, TAN Xiao-ming, XIE Hui-kang

2017, 12(4):  212-215. 

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Objective To improve the understanding of pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) presenting as necrotizing granuloma and to avoid the misdiagnosis through the analysis on clinical,pathological and radiological characteristics. Methods A retrospective review of the clinicopathologic and radiological records of 28 cases of PC presenting as necrotizing granuloma comfirmed by special stains. Results There were 14 males and 14 females,aging from 27 to 68 years (median,51 years).Twenty-seven cases were asymptomaic while only one had cough.The previous history was chronic disease or cancer in 5 cases.CT scan of all cases showed node mass and four of them had a cavity.All cases were observed as necrotizing granuloma microscopically.Cryptococcus neoformans were seen by grocott hexamine silver and PAS staining. Conclusions The majority of PC patients presenting as necrotizing granuloma had normal immune system.Imaging findings were generally mass or cavity.Naked eye specimens were similar to the cancer.It was hard to distinguish necrotizing granuloma from tuberculosis granuloma unless by special staining.

Analysis of prognosis and clinical characteristics in 22 patients with Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis

CAI Ren-hui, WANG Ying

2017, 12(4):  216-220. 

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Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics,treatments and prognosis of Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis. Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 22 patients with cryptococcal meningitis. Results There were 17 patients with underlying diseases.The nonspecific clinical and laboratory findings led to misdiagnosis of 12 patients.The main clinical manifestations were intracranial hypertention and low glucose,high protein in the cerebral fluid.The diagnosis were established in 22 patients by the present of Cryptococcus.18 patients were given amphotericin B combination with 5-FC.After their condition improved and cerebral fluid pathogeny test became negative,oral or intravenous FCN were given for maintain therapy.Paraventriculostomy was performed in 1 patient with enlarged ventricle.Ommaya reservoir were given in 2 patients with intracranial hypertension.The outcome of the 22 cases showed that 6 patient were cured,8 improved and 5 died. Conclusions Combination of antifungal therapy could achieve better effect in treatment of Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis.

Clinical features and etiological analysis of fungal keratitis in diabetic patients

Wang Rui

2017, 12(4):  221-224. 

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Objective To investigate the clinical features and etiology of diabetic fungal keratitis in diabetic patients,to find out the main risk factors for the prognosis. Methods A retrospective study was used.From February 2013 to May 2016,120 patients in our hospital diagnosed as fungal keratitis with complete clinical data were enrolled,including 60 cases of diabetic fungal keratitis (diabetic group) and 60 cases of non-diabetic fungal keratitis (non-diabetes group).All the demographic characteristics,clinical symptoms,etiological examination results were recorded,and the patient's prognosis and risk factors were also recorded. Results There were no significant differences in gender,BMI,duration of disease (P>0.05) between two groups.The average history of diabetes in the diabetic group was 8.14±2.11 years.The age and corneal infection severity scores compared between the diabetic group and the non diabetes group were significantly different (P<0.05).In the diabetic group,there were 10 cases of Fusarium sp (16.7%),40 cases of Aspergillus sp (66.7%),10 cases of Candida (16.7%).In the non diabetes group,there were 25 cases of Fusarium sp (41.7%),30 cases of Aspergillus sp (50%),5 cases of Candida (8.3%).The distribution of fungal infections in two groups showed statistical significantly difference (P<0.05).The total effective cure rate of diabetic group and non-diabetic group were 86.7% and 98.3%,respectively.Multi-variable Logistic regression analysis showed that the main risks for prognosis were infiltration lesions,hypopyon and Aspergillus in the diabetic fungal keratitis patients (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with those in non-diabetic group,fungal keratitis patients in diabetic group was more older.Aspergillus was the main pathogen.The infiltration lesions,hypopyon and Aspergillus were the main prognosis risk factors in the diabetes fungal keratitis patients.

A case of disseminated cryptococcosis and literature review

LIU Jian-qing, SHI Hong, WU Guo-lan, CHEN Yu-yan

2017, 12(4):  225-227. 

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Objective To report a case of disseminated cryptococcosis and review of the related literature. Methods Retrospective analysis of a case of disseminated cryptococcosis,case retrieval of Foreign Medical Journal CHKD journal full-text database integration system and nearly 20 years as reported at home and abroad,combined with literature review summarized clinical characteristics of disseminated cryptococcosis. Results A 16-year-old female presented with a over 10-day history of a cough and fever.She was originally diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and had been treated with oral corticosteroids for a long time.Disseminated cryptococcosis was diagnosed by lumbar puncture and blood culture.A total of 149 cases of disseminated cryptococcosis were collected from the database,including male 95 cases and female 53cases,aged from 2 to 77 years old,with a total of 47 children,with a mortality of 41 cases.And there were 59 patients with normal immune function. Conclusion The mortality rate of disseminated cryptococcosis is high,so we should strive for early diagnosis and treatment,improve the cure rate and reduce the disability rate.

Correlation between fungi and allergic diseases

SONG Ying-gai, LI Ruo-yu, WANG Ai-ping

2017, 12(4):  237-239,236. 

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Fungal spores and/or hyphae enter the body through a variety of ways,which are likely to cause allergic reactions.Respiratory tract and skin are the main reaction organs of fungal sensitization.This paper reviews the common sensitizing fungi and the mechanisms of fungi sensitization,respiratory tract and skin allergic diseases induced by fungi.

The pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and the regulation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 signaling pathway

DAI Xin-yue, MO Zi-yin, JIANG Na, GAO Ai-li, ZHU Hui-lan

2017, 12(4):  240-243,232. 

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Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida albicans had complex pathogenesis.The invasion of Candida albicans and host factors were the main pathogenic factors.Among them,Candida albicans could attack the host cells and evade the host immune system to hurt the body through various ways.The nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 signaling pathway was not only a major regulator of cell oxidation,but also an important immune regulation mechanism.On the one hand,the activation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 could initiat host adaptive immunity by inhibiting the expression of NF-κB to promot Th17、Treg and Th1 cells activation;at the same time,it also could activate dendritic cells to mediate the innate immune system.Besides,Nrf2 could prevent the development of vaginitis pathway through antioxidant stress.Here,we discussed the effects of Nrf2 signaling pathway on anti-oxidative stress and immunoregulation in the pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis,it aimed to investigate the relationship between Nrf2 signaling pathway and the pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis,so as to guide the clinic treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.