Table of Content

28 February 2017, Volume 12 Issue 1

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论文

Alert to the emergence of the “super fungus” infection in China

LIAO Wan-qing, ZHANG Chao, PAN Wei-hua

2017, 12(1):  1-2,7. 

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Healthcare facilities in several countries have reported that a type of yeast called Candida auris has been causing severe illness in hospitalized patients.This yeast often does not respond to commonly used antifungal drugs,making infections difficult to treat.Because of these factors,in this paper we are alerting healthcare facilities in China to be on the lookout for C.auris in their patients.

Effects of Aspergillus fumigatus spore on the activation of mast cell

CHEN Li-Sha, LI Yan-Ming, TONG Xun-Liang, ZHAO Zuo-Tao, WANG Chen

2017, 12(1):  3-7. 

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Objective To study the effects of Aspergillus fumigatus spore on the activation of human mast cell line HMC-1.Methods Prepared heat-killed Aspergillus fumigatus spore antigen by heating method.HMC-1 cells were co-cultured with heat-killed Aspergillus fumigatus spores whose concentration was 5×10⁵.Microplate spectrophotometer was applied to the β-hexosaminidase release assay which was an index of mast cell degranulation.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for released IL-5.The expression levels of IL-5 mRNA was detected by Realtime-PCR.Results Compared with the negative control group,heat-killed Aspergillus fumigatus spores increased β-hexosaminidase release [(11.3%±1.2%) VS (0.5%±0.1%),P<0.05],IL-5 mRNA expression level [(2.47±0.12) VS (0±0.26),P<0.05] and the release of IL-5 [(11.96±1.09) VS (9±1.36),P<0.05] in HMC-1 cells.Conclusion Aspergillus fumigatus spores activates mast cell line HMC-1 resulting in cell degranulation,synthesis and release of IL-5.

The study of KpsF gene which contains PxIxIT motif in Aspergillus fumigatus

LI Jia-juan, LI Wen, MA Yan

2017, 12(1):  8-12. 

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Objective To construct the KpsF gene defect strains ΔKpsF and to explore the interaction between KpsF gene and calcineurin.Methods Amplificated the upstream and downstream of KpsF about 1.0 kb DNA fragments,the pyrG of plasmid pJW 24 was used as a biomarker when constructting the knockout plasmid.Recombinant plasmid was transformed into A.fumigatus Ku80 pyrG and got ΔKpsF.To observer the radial and phenotypic growth of Ku80 and ΔKpsF,Real-time PCR was used to determine the relative expression of calcineurin catalytic subunit (CnaA) of Ku80 (control group)and ΔKpsF (experimental group) in GMM liquid medium containing different concentration of CaCl₂.Results Compared with Ku80,the radial growth of ΔKpsF had no obvious change (P>0.05),and the phenotypic growth had no obvious difference.In GMM Liquid medium containing 10 mmol/L CaCl₂,the relative expression of CnaA of ΔKpsF strain was significantly higher than Ku80 (P<0.01).However,the relative expression of CnaA did not obviously changed (P>0.05) in GMM Liquid medium containing 100 mmol/L CaCl₂.Conclusions The KpsF had no effect in radial and phenotypic growth of A.fumigatus.Under the condition of different concentrations of Ca²⁺,the relative expression levels of CnaA gene were different between ΔKpsF and Ku80,suggesting that the KpsF might be involved in the feedback regulation of calcineurin under the condition of low concentration of CaCl₂.

Butyl alcohol extract of BaiTouWeng decoction induced apoptosis in Candida albicans biofilms

SHI Gao-xiang, WANG Yun-xia, FENG Xin, SHAO Jing, WANG Tian-ming, WANG Chang-zhong

2017, 12(1):  13-18. 

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Objective To explore the Butyl alcohol extract of Bai Tou Weng decoction effect on apoptosis of Candida albicans biofilms.Methods Using DCFH-DA staining flow cytometry to detect Candida albicans biofilm cells of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level;Using JC-1 staining of mitochondria of Candida albicans biofilm membrane flow cytometry to detect MMP;Phosphatidylserine externalization was recorded by fluorescence microscopic with Annexin V staining at the early stage of apoptosis in C.albicans cells of biofilms;Metacaspase activity was observed by Fluorescence microscopic with FITC-VAD-FMK staining at the early stage of apoptosis in C.albicans cells of biofilms;Observation on Candida albicans biofilm morphology was performed by DAPI nuclear staining and fluorescence microscopy.Results The apoptosis of Candida albicans significantly increased the proportion of more than 128 ug mL-1BAEB treatment,Caspase activity increased,nuclear pyknosis and fragmentation were observed.Intracellular ROS level was significantly increased,mitochondrial membrane potential decreased significantly.Conclusion The Butyl alcohol extract of BaiTou Weng decoction of certain concentrations could induce apoptosis of Candida albicans biofilm cells.

Construction and verification of stable down-regulated MMP9,S100A10 mouse brain microvascular endothelial cell lines

CHEN Xue-wen, ZHU Hong-mei, WEN Hai

2017, 12(1):  19-22,18. 

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Objective To construct stable down-regulated MMP9,S100A10 mouse brain microvascular endothelial cell lines,then verify the reduction level of gene expression.Methods By transfecting LV-musMMP9-shRNA,LV-musS100A10-shRNA into b.End3 respectively,then the very cell lines were screened by puromycin.The obtained differential b.End3 cell lines were observed by fluorescence microscope and varified by RT-qPCR.Results The study successfully constructed stable transfected cell lines which could effectively interference S100A10,MMP-9 expression of 3×10⁸ TU/mL and 1×10⁸ TU/mL LV-musS100A10-shRNA respectively.Conclusions The targeted down-regulation b.End3 cell lines are useful for further exploring the role of molecule S100A10 or MMP-9 in host blood-brain barrier by control variables and the possible target of treatment exploration of cryptococcal encephalitis/meningitis.

Analysis of superficial mycosis and pathogensin 10 042 cases

WEI Guan-jing, LIANG Ling, CAO Cun-wei, ZHENG Dong-yan, LIN Bing

2017, 12(1):  23-28. 

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Objective To understand the clinical features,predisposing factors,and pathogens of fungal diseases in Nanning,Guangxi region and improve the clinician's understanding of fungal infections.Methods From July 2009 to July 2014 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,10 042 cases of fungal infections were confirmed by clinical features and microbiological examinations.Then data were further analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 statistical software.Results Among 10 042 cases,the maximum was tinea pedis (2 793 cases,27.81%),followed by 1 883 (18.75%) cases of onychomycosis,1 238 cases (12.32%) of tinea corporis,1 232 cases (12.27%) of Malassezia folliculitis,1 170 cases of tinea versicolor,1 124 cases (11.65%) of tinea cruris,291 cases (2.90%) of cutaneous candidiasis,182 cases of tinea manus (1.82%),129 cases (1.28%) of tinea capitis.Distribution of strains including 2 511 (25.00%) strains of Trichophyton rubrum,2 402 (23.92%) strains of Malassezia,2 373 (23.63%) strains of Candida.Superficial mycoses and the isolates varied with gender,ages,and seasons.Conclusion The predominant superficial mycosis was tinea pedis,and the predominant pathogen was Trichophyton rubrum.But Candida infection had grown significantly,this epidemic trend was similar to most parts of our country and had its own characterics.

Clinical analysis of 20 cases of dermatophytes caused by Microsporum canis and literature review

CAO Yan-yun, XU Shun-ming

2017, 12(1):  29-33,44. 

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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of Microsporum canis infections according to analysis of 20 cases and literature review of the last ten years.Methods Microsporum canis infections were diagnosed by mycological examinations.The general information of patients,the characteristics of skin lesions,course of disease,treatment and prognosis were analyzed and the literature review of the last ten years was also performed.Results There were 302 patients in outpatient diagnosis and literature review who aged 17 days to 83 years,Male to female ratio was about 1:2,80% of patients had a history of exposure to pets.Clinical manifestations of children mostly were tinea capitis,while the adults were mostly tinea corporis.Diagnosis was based mainly on mycological microscopy and culture.The prognosis was good after antifungal therapy.Conclusion Tinea coursed by Microsporosis canis is a common dermatophytosis,which has high incidence and strong contagion.Once diagnosed,we should standardize treat and give patient education timely in order to prevent spread and reduce morbidity.

Vaginal colonization of Trichosporon asahii in an asymptomatic woman using gene identification and random amplified polymorphic DNA

YANG Yan-ping, SHI Xiao-yu, ZHANG Ying, LI Wen, WANG Jie-di, HUANG Wen-ming, FAN Yi-ming

2017, 12(1):  34-37. 

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To report a case of vaginal colonization of Trichosporon asahii.A 25-year-old healthy woman occasionally developed mild itching and vaginal discharge.Gynecological examination showed a small amount of yellowish homogenous vaginal discharge.Nugent score of vaginal discharge was 3.Two strains isolated from vaginal discharge were analyzed by phenotypic observation,temperature test,urea enzyme test,antifungal susceptibility test,3 rDNA gene sequencing and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD).The earthy yellow and wrinkled yeast-like colonies were twice isolated from the vaginal discharge at 3-month intervals.The isolate grew well at 25-37℃,with the optimal growth temperature of 27℃.Slide culture revealed septate hyphae,pseudohyphae,arthrofilaments,conidia,arthroconidia,and blastospores.The strain was urease positive.Both isolates belonged to the same strain of T.asahii using 3 rDNA gene sequencing and RAPD analysis.E-test and Neo-Sensitabs results revealed that the isolate was sensitive to voriconazole.The woman remained asymptomatic during 3-month follow-up.

A randomized,double-blind,controlled study with luliconazle cream (1%) versus terbinafine cream (1%) in patients with tinea cruris

LEI Wen-zhi, DU Lin, WEI Feng-lian, LIAO Wan-qing, WEN Hai

2017, 12(1):  38-41. 

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Objective To observe and assessment of the efficacy and safety of luliconazole cream (1%) in patients with tinea cruris.Method Sixty patients positive for fungal elements on direct microscopy were equally and randomly divided into 2 groups:experimental group applying luliconazole cream (1%) once daily for 2 weeks,control group applying terbinafine cream (1%) once daily for 2 weeks.Efficacy was assessed on week 1,2,4,8 after initiation of treatment.Result 60 patients were eligible for the efficacy analysis.On week 1 after initiation of treatment,the clinical effective rate in the experimental group and control group was 40% VS 23.3%,the fungal clearance rate was 23.3% VS 20%.On week 2 after initiation of treatment,the clinical effective rate in the experimental group and control group was 80% VS 70%,the fungal clearance rate was 70% VS 63.3%.On week 6 after the end of treatment,the clinical effective rate in the experimental group and control group was 83.3% VS 70%,the fungal clearance rate was 80% VS 66.7%.Conclusion Luliconazole cream (1%) have strong ability in relieving signs and symptoms of patients and low recurrence rate.Luliconazole cream (1%) is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of tinea cruris.

Evaluation of efficacy and safety of 1% luliconazole cream in the treatment of tinea corporis and tinea cruris

ZHU Min, SU Hui-lin, LI Li, CHENG Ben-lin, ZHU Jun-hao, ZHANG Qiang-qiang

2017, 12(1):  42-44. 

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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 1% luliconazole cream in the treatment of tinea corporis and tinea cruris.Methods A single-center,single-blind,randomized,positive drug (1% terbinafine hydrochloride cream) controlled trial was conducted.Both 1% luliconazole cream and 1% terbinafine hydrochloride cream were applied once daily for 2 weeks to the rashes.Patients were evaluated at 0 (baseline),1,2 and 4 weeks.Results Thirty cases in the trial group and 28 cases in the control group were evaluated.The effective rate at 1 week was 43.33% in the trial group and 28.57% in the control group (P>0.05);96.67% versus 85.71% at 2 weeks and 96.67% versus 100.00% at 4 weeks respectively (P>0.05).Mycological cure rates at 1 week both were 50% in the trial group and control group;96.67% versus 85.71% at 2 weeks and 96.67% versus 100.00% at 4 weeks respectively (P>0.05).Treatment-related adverse events were not seen in this study.Conclusion This study suggests that 1% luliconazole cream was effective and safe in the treatment of tinea corporis and tinea cruris.

Evaluation of clinical efficacy of 1% luliconazole cream in the treatment of tinea pedis

YANG Jing, DONG Bi-lin, JIANG Ping, YIN Jing, CHEN Zun-yi, ZHANG Wei-ming, XIA Fan, LAI Bin, TONG Zhong-sheng

2017, 12(1):  45-48. 

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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of luliconazole 1% cream in the treatment of tinea pedis.Methods One hundred and twenty patients positive for fungal elements on direct microscopy were equally and randomly divided into 4 groups:the trial groups applying luliconazole 1% cream for 2 weeks or 4 weeks and the control groups applying naftifine ketoconazole 2 weeks or 4 weeks.Efficacy was assessed in terms of mycological clearance and clinical response rates on week 2,4 and 6 after initiation of treatment.Results In 2-week regimen,the clinical response rates at weeks 2 were 67.86% in trial group and 70.37% in control group (P>0.05);The mycological clearance rates were 46.43% in trial group and 51.85% in control group (P>0.05).They were 85.71% vs.85.19% and 82.14% vs.81.48% respectively at weeks 4 (2 weeks after the end of treatment)(P>0.05).In 4-week regimen,the clinical response rates were 88.89% vs.88.89% and mycological clearance rates were 85.19% vs.88.89% at weeks 4.They were 92.59% vs.88.89% and 88.89% vs.88.89% respectively on 2 weeks after the end of treatment (P>0.05).Treatment-related adverse events consisted of local irritation occurred in 3.33% of patients both in the trial group and control group.Conclusion The efficacy and safety of 1% luliconazole cream in the treatment of tinea pedis are similar to that of naftifine ketoconazole cream.This study suggests that 1% luliconazole cream was effective and safe in the treatment of tinea pedis,with the efficacy of 2-week once-daily regimen equivalent to that of 4-week once-daily regimen.

Tinea pedis and erysipelas on lower legs

ZHAO Huai-Bo, FAN Bin

2017, 12(1):  49-51. 

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Tinea pedis can affect skin barrier of feet and cause invasion of pathogenic fungi into skin,which is the main inducement of erysipelas on lower legs.Besides,the recurrence rate of erysipelas on lower legs accompanied with tinea pedis is obviously higher than other types.Aspects related with pathogenic environment,treatment and clinical nursing are all the important factors of occurrence and recurrence of erysipelas on lower legs.

Research progress on genotyping technology for Trichophyton rubrum

CHENG Ben-lin, ZHU Min

2017, 12(1):  62-64,48. 

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Trichophyton rubrum is the most common one in dermatophytes,not only causing superficial cutaneous tinea but also subcutaneous deeper infections,and even disseminated infections.The morphology of T.rubrum is varied and unstable.The infection due to T.rubrum is prone to recurrence,a big problem in clinic.Genotyping of T.rubrum can help to solve the question of relapse and reinfection,and can also be used to clarify the prevalence of the disease from molecular level.It is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of the disease.This paper is an overview of the progress on the genotyping technology of T.rubrum.