Chinese Journal of Mycology

The study of expression changes of VEGFR in mice brain tissue infected with Cryptococcus neoformans

ZHENG Chong, WEN Hai, GUO Fang, FAN Yi-bin

2016, 11(5): 257-260.

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Objective To investigate the expression changes of the vascular endothelial growth-factor receptors (VEGFR) in the mice brain tissus after being infected by Cryptococcus neoformans.Methods Test group mice (n=30) were injected with Cryptococcus neoformans via the tail vein,while control group mice (n=6) received saline.Western blotting technology was used in 6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h to detect VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression changes in mice brain tissus.Rusluts Compared with the control group,VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 protein expressions in the test group were down.There was significant difference between the test group and control group (P<0.05).Conclusions VEGFR might play protective role in brain edema caused by cryptococcal meningitis.

Retrospective analysis of the clinical and laboratory features of 9 disseminated Talaromyces marneffei cases in non-HIV patients

WANG Peng, ZHAI Li-hui, FAN Hong-wei, LIU Zheng-yin, WANG Yao, ZHAO Ying, XIAO Meng, ZENG Xue-jun, SHI Ju-hong, LIU Hong-rui, FENG Rui-e, XIE Xiu-li, XU Ying-chun

2016, 11(5): 261-264.

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Objective This study aimed to enhance diagnoses of the clinical and laboratory features of Talaromyces marneffei (PM) in non-HIV patients.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records and clinical characteristics of 9 patients diagnosed with (PM) from January 1,2008 to December 31,2015 in tertiary Hospital.Results There were 3 cases with underlying diseases and 6 cases without underlying diseases.Six patients had received immunosuppressant therapy before onset.Four patients occurred the bone damage and 2 cases had skin rash,swollen lymph nodes in 7 cases,weight loss in 5 cases,anaemia in 7 cases.Six cases accept anti-TB or NTM treatment.Six cases were cured or improved.Conclusion Patients with non-HIV/AIDS infectious PSM having certain common characteristics but with no specificity made early diagnosis difficult.It especially need to be differentiated from diseases such as tuberculosis.Early antifungal therapy is closely related to the correct prognosis of the patients.

First successful treatment of refractory facial Majocchi granuloma with voriconazole and literature reviewed

YAN Wen-liang, HU Wen-xing, LIU Fang, LIU Hai-bo, KONG Qing-tao, ZHANG Min, SHEN Yong-nian, LV Gui-xia, SANG Hong

2016, 11(5): 265-268.

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Objective Reported one case of Majocchi's granuloma caused by Trichophyton rubrum which was successfully treated with voriconazole.Analysized clinical manifestations,pathological features,mycological examination and identification results of molecular biology,and summaried cases reported in English.Methods A 50-year-old man had infiltrated erythematous plaque on face for five years.Mycological examination,histopathological examination,rDNA ITS sequence analysis and drug susceptibility testing were performed on the specimens from skin biopsy.Results The patient was diagnosed as Majocchis's granuloma caused by Trichophyton rubrum.He was treated with voriconazole,with a complete resolution of dermatosis,negative of mycology and no adverse reactions.Conclusions Majocchi's granuloma is rare,often refractory and recurrent,seriously affecting the life quality of patients.We first apply voriconazole in the treatment of a refractory Majocchi's granuloma with conspicuous resolution of dermatosis which provide new experience in treatment of refractory Majocchi's granuloma.

Re-evaluation of the clinical value of (1,3)-β-D-glucan detection in the invasive fungal infections

XIA Ji-rong, NIU Si-qiang, Cao Ju

2016, 11(5): 269-271,274.

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Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of (1,3)-β-D-glucan test (G test) in invasive fungal disease.Methods Retrospectively study the inpatient results of clinical G test from Jan.2014 to Jun.2014 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and analyse the sensitivity,specificity,coincidence rate,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and Youden index of G test in fungal infection.Results The G test value of fungal infection group was 228.4±250.1 pg/mL,and the G test value of non-fungal infection group was 32.6±13.6 pg/mL.There were significant differences between the two groups (P<0.001).The sensitivity,specificity,coincidence rate,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and Youden index of G test in fungal infection were 83%,92%,88%,89%,87%,0.75,respectively.Conclusion G test is one of important early laboratory indexes in fungal infection,and the rational use of G test can effectively improve the diagnostic ability of fungal infection,especially for the negative exlusion.

In vitro antifungal activity of lavender essential oil and its effect on biofilm of Candida albicans

LIU Xuan, SHAO Yu-long, WU Ze-yu, GAO Fan-fan, WU Kai-qi, LIU Su-hui, CHEN Feng

2016, 11(5): 272-274.

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Objective To study antifungal activity of lavender essential oil in vitro and the effect on biofilm of Candida albicans.Methods Disk diffusion and microdilution were used to determine the susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Candida albicans to lavender essential oil.XTT reduction assay was performed to determine the SMIC50 of lavender essential oil to C.albicans biofilms.The effect of lavender essential oil on morphogenesis of C.albicans biofilms was observed by inverted microscopy.Results The standard strain of Candida albicans was highly sensitive to lavender essential oil.MIC of Lavender essential oil to Candida albicans was 12.5 μL/mL,MBC was 25 μL/mL.SMIC50 of lavender essential oil to C.albicans biofilms was 100 μL/mL.Lavender essential oil could inhibit the filamentous growth.Conclusion Lvender essential oil had antifungal activity against Candida albicans in vitro.

Experimental study on the effect of boric acid against Candida albicans

GAO Ji, PAN Li-na, GUO Dong-dong, WEI Yu-Jia

2016, 11(5): 275-278,288.

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Objective We aimed to study the different effects of boric acid on cell growth and cell morphology in eight clinical isolates of Candida albicans.Method Lee's glucose media containing different concentration of boric acid (0%,0.1%,0.15%) were used for cell growth of Candida albicans.The growth of the strains in different culture conditions were observed.Result When treated with 0.1% of boric acid at 25℃,the growth of eight strains were extremely inhibited,especially HJ065.When treated with 0.15% of boric acid,the growth of all strains were further inhibited.Boric acid with high concentration impacted the filamentation growth of HJ058 and SC5314.At 37℃,the inhibition effect of boric acid on the growth of C.albicnas was more obvious than at 25℃.Under the same culture condition,the effect of boric acid had no relationship with the number of CAI in C.albicans.Conclusion The inhibitory effect of boric acid on the clinical isolates of Candida albicans showed significant differences among the strains,and also was related to the culture temperature.Under physiological temperature,C.albicans was more sensitivity to boric acid.There was no significant correlation between the inhibitory effect of boric acid and the CAI genotype of the 8 strains of C.albicans we used.

A case report and brief survey of tinea nigra cases reported in Mainland China

LU Sha, CAI Wen-ying, MAO Yue-ping

2016, 11(5): 279-281.

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Objective We report a case of tinea nigra on the palm of a child and review cases of tinea nigra reported in mainland China to date.Methods A 5-year-old girl had noticed pigmented maculae on the left palm 6 months prior to her first visit to our hospital.Fungal examination with skin scrapings and DNA sequencing with isolation had been done.We also searched literatures about tinea nigra reported in mainland China and discussed the clinical characteristics.Results The causative fungus in our case was determined to be Hortaea werneckii.The lesionsof all 9 cases distributed as follows:most cases favorably occurred on the left palm of male children in southern part of Yangtze River.All causative agents were identified as H.werneckii.All cases were cured by topical use of antifungal agents within 3 weeks.Conclusion Tinea nigra is usually occurred on one palm of children.And direct microscopic examination is useful for quick diagnosis.Moreover,confirmation of identification depends on DNA sequencing.As for the treatment of tinea nigra,topical antifungal therapy seems to be the best choice.

Analysis of 64 cases of tinea facie

JI Mei, SHEN Xue-hua

2016, 11(5): 282-284.

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Objectives To investigate the clinical characteristic,misdiagnosis and treatment of tinea faciei.Methods A retrospective study was conducted.A total of 64 patients were diagnosed as tinea faciei via direct microscopy.Fungal culture were performed in part of the cases.Patients were treated with topical antifungals alone or combined with oral antifungal agents.Results Among 64 cases,25 cases were diagnosed as tinea faciei at first visit,while 39 cases were misdiagnosed at first visit.There were 15 cases of tinea incognito.Conclusion Direct microscopy and funagl culture are necessary for the prompt and correct diagnosis and treatment of tinea faciei.

Evaluation of the clinical application of MALDI-TOF-MS technology in detection of yeast-like fungi

ZHANG Xiao-xiao, WANG Ding-cheng, GE Wei, SHAO Hai-lian, CHENG Zhi, SU Bo, TAI Jin-ge, YANG Ming, ZHANG Qian, CHEN Jing-wen, ZHANG Hui-zhong

2016, 11(5): 285-288.

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Objective MALDI-TOF-MS technology was evaluated the clinical application value of MALDI-TOF-MS in the rapid identification of yeast-like fungi.Methods MALDI-TOF-MS technology and traditional fungi cultural method were used to identify 142 yeast-like fungi of clinical isolates which from June 2015 to June 2016,results were recorded and analyzed.Results The rate of identification of two methods for common C.albicans,C.tropical,C.krusei and Cryptococcus neoformans were very high (100%),concordant rate was 100%;The rate of identification of two methods for uncommon C.lusitaniae,C.lipolytica and C.utilis were very low,concordant rate were 25.00%,00.00% and 00.00% respectively.Conclusion MALDI-TOF-MS had a better identification rate of yeast-like fungi,and the characteristic of simple and rapid operation provided a powerful complement for traditional manual method,which could be applied in the early rapid identification of yeast-like fungi.

Onychomycosis caused by Trichophyton violaceum in a child and review of literatures

WANG Han, CHEN Hui

2016, 11(5): 292-293.

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A case report of onychomycosis caused by Trichophyton violaceum,and statistical analysis of the etiological and clinical characteristics through literature retrieve.The baby was 20 months old,the distal of her right first and the third toenail had thickened and turned yellow for more than 3 months.Make a KOH mear with a crumb of the lesion,and then we find the fungus with hyaline and septate hyphae through microscopic examination.Fungal culture result showed that the pathogenic fungus was Trichophyton violaceum.Given that the child was too little to receive the medical therapy,we didn't use any antifungal drug.

Efficacy and safety of superpulse-mode fractional carbon-dioxide laser combined with 1% luliconazole in the treatment of onychomycosis

HUANG He, LI Jin, LIU Juan, ZHANG Jia-an, XU Yang, WU Di, LUO Dan, ZHOU Bing-rong

2016, 11(5): 298-303,297.

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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of superpulse-mode fractional carbon-dioxide (CO₂) laser combined with 1% luliconazole in the treatment of onychomycosis.Method A total of sixty patients with 223 onychomycotic nails were enrolled in this study and then randomly divided into two groups.The affected nails in group A were treated by superpulse-mode fractional carbon-dioxide (CO₂) laser at 2-week intervals.The affected nails in group B were treated by superpulse-mode fractional carbon-dioxide (CO₂) laser at 2-week intervals combined with daily topical application of 1% luliconazole cream under occlusion.The course of treatment is 6-month long for each group.Clinical efficacy and mycological clearance were evaluated at 3 months after the completion of treatment.Results Sixty patients completed the treatment and follow-up.In group A,among the 31 patients with 108 affected nails,the clinical efficacy was about 50.9% whereas the mycological clearance rate was about 38.9%.In group B,among the 29 patients with 115 affected nails,the clinical efficacy was about 69.6% and mycological clearance rate was about 57.4%.There were significant differences in the clinical efficacy and mycological clearance rates between both groups (P<0.05).The comprehensive satisfactory rate was about 87.1% in group A while it was about 93.1% in group B.In addition to slight tolerable pain,there were no obvious side effects noticed in both groups.Conclusions Superpulse-mode fractional carbon-dioxide (CO₂) laser combined with 1% luliconazole cream was a safe and effective method for the treatment of onychomycosis,and the clinical efficacy was much better than the laser treatment only.

Study of 1% luliconazole cream and 1% terbinafine cream in the treatment of tinea pedis:a randomized controlled,single-blind trial

GAO Fei, CAO Ping

2016, 11(5): 304-306.

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Objective To observe and evaluate the efficacy and safety of 1% luliconazole cream in the treatment of tinea pedis.Methods In a randomized,single blind,positive drug controlled study,patients selected according to experiment design were randomly divided into 2 groups,luliconazole group (1% topical luliconazole cream,1 time a day,2 weeks),control group (1% topical terbinafine cream,1 time a day,2 weeks).The evaluation of clinical and mycological efficacy was performed after 2 weeks.Results Eighty-six cases with fungal positive result were randomly divided into 2 groups,43 cases in each group.Finally 59 patients entered effect analysis.Clinical efficiency rates of luliconazole group and terbinafine group were 96.97% and 96.15% (P>0.05),fungal clearance rates were 81.82% and 80.77% (P>0.05).Conclusion It's safety and efficacy of treating tinea pedis with luliconazole cream 1%.

Efficacy of luliconazole cream in patient with pityriasis versicolor

CHEN Rui-jun, ZHANG Jin-yan, CHEN Bo-rui, CAO Hui, LIN Da-min, XU Ming, LU Wan-ding, ZHENG Li-bao

2016, 11(5): 307-309,315.

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Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of once-daily luliconazole cream in treatment of pityriasis versicolor.Methods There were 80 patients with pityriasis versicolor randomly enrolled into trial group treated with luliconazole cream (once daily) for 2 weeks and into control group treated with 2% ketaconazole cream (twice daily) for 2 weeks.The clinical observations were taken on baseline,2 week and 6 week after the treatment.Results The clinical effective rates of 2 groups 2 week after the treatment were 54.5% and 56.3%;the mycological clearance rates of 2 groups were 81.8% and 87.5%;both results had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).The clinical effects of 2 groups 6 week after the treatment were 63.6% and 62.5%;the mycological effects of 2 groups were 93.9% and 93.8%;both results had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).The theraputic result of the white-type eruption obviously lower than that of the brown-type and red-type eruption.Besides,no side effects were been found in both groups.Conclusions The method of luliconazole cream once-daily for 2 weeks is effective and safe in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor.

Human Protothecosis: literature review of previously published cases in the last decade

ZENG Xuan-hao, ZHANG Qiang-qiang

2016, 11(5): 310-315.

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We systematically review all the published cases in the last decade to realize the newest incidence and trends of protothecosis and comprehensively analyze the new character of protothecosis in epidemiology,clinical manifestations,therapy and prognosis.The amount of protothecosis cases since the first case had been reported was 190,and nearly 33% of the cases were reported in last decade.In recent years,the cases of disseminated protothecosis almost equals cutaneous protothcosis.In last decade,9 cases had been reported in mainland which conclude half of total number of protothcosis in China.The diagnose of protothecosis still relied on mycology and histopathology examination.Amphotericin B and its liposome were still the most commonly used and effective antifungal to cure protothcosis.These showed the rising incidence of protothcosis or disseminated protothecosis worldwide.

Research status and prospect of genotyping of Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato

ZHAO Li-pei, CUI Yan, LI Shan-shan

2016, 11(5): 316-320.

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Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato,previously considered to be a single species,has a worldwide distribution.Nevertheless,strains from different geographical regions differ greatly in their pathogenicity and susceptibility to different drugs.A wide variety of molecular techniques such as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD),restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) have been investigated for genotyping of the fungi.In recent years,classification methods based on calmodulin (CAL) gene and phenotypic features have been accepted to distinguish isolates in the Sporothrix schenckii complex.The genotyping methods of Sporothrix schenckii s.l. have been summarized in this article and focus on the research progress of CAL gene.

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