Table of Content

28 February 2016, Volume 11 Issue 1

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论文

Construction and identification of Candida albicans FLO8 mutations

LI Wen-jing, LIU Ming, LIU Jin-yan, SHI Ce, WANG Ying, ZHAO Yue, XIANG Ming-jie

2016, 11(1):  1-7. 

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Objective To construct Candida albicans FLO8 mutations.Methods We inserted Candida albicans FLO8 gene under the control of the ADH1 promoter in pCP20 plasmid,and plasmids containing the point mutations FLO8^R209T,FLO8^A311T,FLO8^654Ter,FLO8^G723R and FLO8^T751D were constructed using site-directed mutagenesis from plasmid pCP20.Then we introduced the inserts with FLO8 point mutations into Candida albicans SN152flo8/flo8 at the endogenous ADE2 gene loci by homologous recombination.Results The plasmids with FLO8 point mutations were constructed successfully by DNA sequencing;The inserts with FLO8 point mutations were exactly recombined to the ADE2 gene loci of Candida albicans SN152flo8/flo8 as confirmed by PCR.Conclusion Candida albicans FLO8 mutations can be efficiently constructed with pCP20 plasmid by site-directed mutagenesis,homologous recombination,etc.

Effect of baicalin in combination with fluconazole against Candida albicans morphological transition from yeast to hyphae via inhibiting cAMP

FENG Xin, SHI Gao-xiang, YUN Yun, WU Da-qiang, SHAO Jing, WANG Tian-ming, WANG Chang-zhong

2016, 11(1):  8-12. 

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Objective This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of baicalin in combination with fluconazole against Candida albicans morphological transition from yeast to hyphae and to explore the mechanism.Methods The hypha-inducing liquid and solid media were uesd to observe the effect of baicalin alone or in combination with fluconazole on yeast-hapal transformation in C.albicans;The intracellular cAMP level and cAMP rescue was measured by ELISA Kit;Quantitative real time PCR(qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the expression of cAMP-related genes.Results Baicalin in combination with fluconazole could inhibit hyphae formation and intracellular cAMP level obviously;exogenous cAMP could convert hypha-inhibiting effect;And expression of RAS1 and CDC35 were downregulated by 35% and 27% respectively,while the expression of PDE2 was upregulated by 121%.Conclusion Mechanism of baicalin in combination with fluconazole inhibiting C.albicans morphological transition was probabaly via down-regulating the intracellular cAMP.

The antifungal susceptibility test in vitro of luliconazole ethosomes

FAN Jian-feng, Lin Bi-wei, Li Heng-jin

2016, 11(1):  13-15. 

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Objective To study antifungal susceptibility of luliconazole ethosomes in vitro.Methods In vitro,antifungal activity of luliconazole ethosome,liposome,hydroalcoholic solution:MICs were determined using the micro-broth dilution assay.Results The MIC of the luliconazole ethosome was lower than that of liposome form or hydroalcoholic solution form.The MIC of luliconazole ethosome to Trichophyton spp.was lower than the sensitive degree to Candida spp.Conclusion In vitro,the antifungal effect of luliconazole ethosome is better than luliconazole liposome or its hydroalcoholic solution.

The value of the galactomannan antigen assay in diagnosis Penicilliosis marneffei

YAN Ru-fan, LI Xin-lei, ZHENG Dong-yan, LIN Bing, LIANG Hao, CAO Cun-wei

2016, 11(1):  16-19. 

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Objective To evaluate the value of the galactomannan antigen assay in diagnosis Penicilliosis marneffei(PSM).Methods The serum samples were collected from 37 PSM patients,17 other fungal infection patients and 30 healthy volunteers.Platelia Aspergillus enzyme immunoassay kit was used.Results The sensitivities of total PSM patients,PSM patients with or without HIV infection were 78.38%,76.47%,75.00%,while their specificities were 82.98%,97.87%,84.78%,respectively.In 4 follow-up PSM patients,the GM decreased after anti-fungi treatment for 1 week as the clinical presentation improved.Conclusion This study showed that the GM test was significantly elevated for HIV patients with penicilliosis.The use of the GM antigen assay may facilitate earlier diagnosis of Penicillium marneffei infection for HIV-infected patients in areas of endemicity.

The diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in leukemia patients using CT combined with galactomannan test

LI Ming, LI Gong-jie, ZHOU Juan, SHENG Fu-geng, QIAO Peng-gang

2016, 11(1):  20-23,27. 

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Objective To investigate the role of chest CT image combine serum galactomannan(GM) test as predictors of therapeutic effect in leukemia patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis(IPA).Methods In this retrospective study from Jan 2010 to Dec 2012,we analyzed both of chest CT image and GM test in 25 patients classified as "clinical diagnosis" IPA.Result Chest CT image had four kinds of manifestations:nodules with halo sign(17 cases),wedge-shaped consolidation(3 cases),diffuse lesser tubercle(4 cases) and scattered patchy shadows with satellite lesions(1 case).Antifungal treatment was effectivein 15 cases with GM index being down to normal at the same time.In 8 cases in progress,GM index raised accordingly;when new antifungal therapy was accepted and worked well,the GM index was lower down.In 2 cases of inflammation out of control,GM index was positive constantly.Conclusion Chest CT image combine serum GM test can be considered as a valuable tool to monitoring treatment effect in leukemia patient with IPA.

The effect of blood bacterial infection on the serum(1,3)-β-D-beta result

WANG Ming-da, CHEN Ruo-hong, HUANG Jia-si, LI Jing, WANG Ling, LI Hui, LIU Yin-yin, DU Wen-han, SHEN Ting, LV Xing

2016, 11(1):  24-27. 

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Objective To evaluate the influences of bacterial infections on the(1,3)-β-D-glucan detection.Method Serums of forty patients with identification of positive blood culture and forty patients with identification of negative blood culture,after controlling disturbance,were detected by G tests.Results Among 22 patients with Gram positive bactereamia and 18 patients with Gram negative bactereamia,only one patient identified as Escherichia coli infection was positive for G test,while four patients were G test suspicious and the rest were negative.Among 40 patients with negative blood culture,three patients were known as G test suspicious while the rest were negative.There is no statistic significance of G test results between specimens with blood culture positive and negative(P>0.05).Conclusion Bacterial infections have minor influences on G test detection in this study.

Evaluation of efficacy and safety of flutrimazole cream 1% in the treatment of tinea pedis

WANG Ai-ping, WAN Zhe, GU Jun, XUN Jin-hua, LI Min, XI Li-yan, HAO Fei, ZHANG Jian-zhong, ZHAO Guang, YAO Cheng, WANG Rui, LIU Bo, WANG Yu-mei, LI Ruo-yu

2016, 11(1):  28-32. 

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Objective To evaluation of efficacy and safety of flutrimazole cream 1% in the treatment of tinea pedis.Methods A multicentre,double-blind,randomised,non-inferiority study were conducted.Flutrimazole cream 1% or bifonazole cream 1% were applied once daily for 4 weeks to tinea pedis.Results The primary index of drug efficacy were determined by the total effective rates at week 4,71.43% in the flutrimazole group and 64.81% in bifonazole group(P=0.190).At week 6(week 2 after end of treatment),the total effective rates were 82.61% versus 71.60%(P=0.018),respectively;mycological cure rates were 86.16% versus 77.50%(P=0.045),respectively;the clinical effective rates were 93.50% versus 91.75%(P=0.504),respectively.Treatment-related adverse events consisted of local skin irritation,occurred in 2.44% versus 2.46%(P=1.000),respectively.Conclusion This study suggest that flutrimazole cream 1% was effective and safety in the treatment of tinea pedis.Flutrimazole cream 1% was found to be equally effective and non-inferior to bifonazole cream 1%.But the total effective rates of flutrimazole cream 1% at week 6 were superior to bifonazole cream 1%,mainly being reflected in the aspect of mycology curative effect.

Retrospective analysis of diabetics combined with zygomycosis in mainland China:a review of 74 cases

ZHAO Jing-yu, FANG Wei, YANG Ya-li, PAN Wei-hua, LIAO Wan-qing, TANG Yi-chen

2016, 11(1):  33-36. 

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Objective To investigate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of diabetics combined with zygomycosis in mainland China.Methods Literatures about diabetics combined with zygomycosis in China were collected from the electrical databases,such as CNKI,CJDF,VIP,Chinese physician full-text journals,and also Pubmed since 1990.Results Fifty-seven articles(74 cases) were included in the study.Median age was 49.8(range,16-77) years old,with a male predominance(M:F=1.55:1).Without specific clinical and radiographic features,its diagnosis was mainly dependent on mycologic and/or histopathological examination.Amphotericin B was the first-line antifungal drug for diabetics combined with zygomycosis,and better efficacy could be got if combined with surgical treatment.Conclusion In recent years,there is an increasing trend in the prevalence of diabetics combined with zygomycosis in mainland china.For highly suspected diabetics combined with zygomycosis,it's necessary to initiate early anti-fungal therapy,and combined surgical treatment may improve the outcome.

An analysis of isolates of pathogenic fungi from 47766 suspected skin mycosis outpatients

WANG You-wei, LUO Cai-hui, LI Hong-xia, YANG Yang, ZHAO Wei, LIU Chun-jiang

2016, 11(1):  37-40. 

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Objective To learn the condition of fungal infection in suspected skin mycosis outpatients in our hospital and to know the distribution of superficial fungi in recent years in the region.Methods The morphology of the separated colonies was identified by the method of KOH direct smear or staining microscope and culture.Then the results of the fungal microscopy and culture were statistically analyzed.Results In recent years,the fungal infection rate of skin was 52.48% in the region.There were dermatophytoses 9310 cases(48.94%),Malassezia 8938 cases(46.99%),Candida and yeast 603 cases(3.17%).Except Malassezia cases,the positive rates of microscopy and culture of the remaining 38839 cases were 40.33% and 25.99%,respectively.The positive rates of the direct microscopy combined with culture was 61.41%.In the skin isolates of Trichophyton,Trichophyton rubrum which accounted for 88.19% was the dominant fungus.Conclusion Dermatophytoses ranks first in fungal disease of the skin,and Trichophyton rubrum is the dominant pathogenic fungus.But the infections of Candida and other yeasts are also worth paying attention.

The distribution features of pathogenic fungi of 127 cases of tinea capitis in Jingzhou

LI Li, FANG Jing, LIU Jin-xian

2016, 11(1):  41-43,36. 

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Objective To determine the distribution features of pathogenic fungi of 127 cases of tinea capitis in Jingzhou.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 127 cases which were diagnosed as tinea capitis by fungal microscopic examination and culture,from January 2004 to June 2015 in Jingzhou.Results The incidence of tinea capitis was higest in 2006,then was a trend of fluctuation,however,declined as a whole.A total 127 strains of pathogenic fungi were isolated,of these strains,the major pathogenic fungi were Trichophyton violaceum(61.42%),Trichophyton rubrum(14.17%) and Trichophyton mentagrophyte(11.81%) in turn.The 4 clinical types were black dot tinea(57.48%),tinea kerion(24.41%),tinea alba(17.32%) and tinea favosa(0.79%).Conclusion The most common clinical type was black dot tinea and the pathogenic fungus was Trichophyton violaceum.

Evaluation of efficacy and safety of 1% luliconazole cream in the treatment of tinea pedis

ZHANG Jing, CAI Wen-ying, XIAO Xing, MA Jian-chi, XI Li-yan

2016, 11(1):  48-50. 

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Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of 1% luliconazole cream and 1% terbinafine hydrochloride cream in the treatment of tinea pedis.Methods A single-center,single-blind,randomized controlled trial was conducted.1% luliconazole cream was applied in the trial group once daily for 2 weeks and 1% terbinafine hydrochloride cream in control group was applied twice daily for 2 weeks.Patients were evaluated at 0(baseline),2,4 weeks.Results Thirty cases in the trial group and 30 cases in control group were evaluated.The clinical effective rate at 2 weeks was 63.33% in the trial group and 76.67% in control group;and 93.33% versus 90.00% at 4 weeks respectively.Mycological cure rates at 2 weeks and 4 weeks were 46.67% and 86.67% in the trial group,and in control group they were 53.33% and 80.00% respectively.The total effective rate at week 2 was 43.33% in the trial group and 60.00% in control group;and 86.67% versus 80.00% at 4 weeks,respectively.Treatment-related adverse events consisted of local irritation,occurred in 3.33% of patients both in the trial group and control group.The efficacy and safety of 1% luliconazole cream in the treatment of tinea pedis are similar to that of 1% terbinafine hydrochloride cream(P>0.05).Conclusion This study suggests that 1% luliconazole cream was effective and safe in the treatment of tinea pedis.

Research progress on targeting Hsp90 for antifungal therapy

YANG Su-teng, LIAO Yong, BA Gen, LV Xue-lian, YANG Rong-ya

2016, 11(1):  53-57. 

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A promising new strategy to enhance the efficacy of antifungal drugs and block the evolution of drug resistance is to target the molecular chaperone Hsp90.For systemic infections,however,effective combination therapy regimens may require Hsp90 inhibitors that can select target Hsp90 in the pathogen.In this review,we summarize studies of the impact of Hsp90 on drug resistance of fungal pathogens and regulation of key fungal virulence traits,regulator of Hsp90 function and the client proteins,and discuss the challenges for development of Hsp90 inhibitors to treat fungal infections.

Pattern regcognition receptors and signaling pathways in Cryptococcus neoformans

LI Ying-fang, PAN Wei-hua

2016, 11(1):  58-61. 

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Pattern recognition receptors(PRRs) presented on the surface of host innate immune cells recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs) of Cryptococcus neoformans after the invasion,which will trigger downstream sinaling pathways and activate nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) in immune cells,ultimately initiating innate and adaptive immunity,inducing the release of correlative inflammatory factors,activating adaptive immune cells such as Th1,Th2,Th17 cells,recruiting macrophage to eliminate Cryptococcus neoformans.Deep insights into PRRs and downstream pathways will contribute to obtain an overall understanding of immune adjustment and provide superior clinical therapys.