Table of Content

28 December 2014, Volume 9 Issue 6

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Construction of knockout strains of The COP9 signalosome subunit 6 (CSN6) in Cryptococcus neoformans

YANG Ya-li, ZHANG Chao, MENG Yun-fang, FA Zhen-zong, ZHOU Zhao-jing, ZHAO Jing-yu, FANG Wei, LIAO Wan-qing

2014, 9(6):  321-324,330. 

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Objective To construct the homologous recombination cassette of COP9/signalosome component gene CSN 6 and generate its deletion mutant via biolistic transformation.Methods We first got the DNA sequence of COP9/signalsome components by bioinformatics analysis. On the basis, we constructed the homologous recombination cassette of CSN 6 via overlap PCR and transformed them into Cryptococcal competent cells via Particle Delivery System.The positive transformants were screened via YPD argar including geneticin (G418), which were then identified via diagnostic PCR and DNA sequencing.Results CSN 6 deletion strains were successfully constructed.Conclusions This study laid the groundwork for following functional studies of COP9/signalosome in Cryptococcus neoformans.

Diagnostic value of mannan and mannan-IgG antibody in cadidemia:a clinical research

CHEN Ling, WANG Hong, ZHANG Shu-wen, REN Ai-min, WANG Chao, DUAN Meili, WANG Zhao

2014, 9(6):  325-330. 

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Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of mannan and mannan IgG antibody in candidemia.Method Total 181 serum samples from 107 persons of inpatients and healthy people were collected from May 2013 to January 2014 in our hospital.These people were divided into three groups:candidemia group with Candida blood-culture positivity (13/107), risk factor group with probable invasive candidiasis, hematologic malignancies or risk factors of invasive candida infection (63/107), control group of health examination people (31/107).The mannan and anti-mannan IgG antibody were determined by ELISA, and then compared with each other.The diagnosis value of mannan and anti-mannan IgG anti-body were evaluated through the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, the area of ROC curve and Kappa score.Result Five isolates of Candida albicans (38.46%) and 5 isolates of Candida grabrata (38.46%) were the main pathogens of candidemia.Among all 14 isolates of candidemia, 7 stains were from Intensive Care Unit and 2 strains were from Infectious Disease Department.There were 12 patients being performed mannan and anti-mannan-IgG antibody detection, except one.Four patients were tested positive and one was suspicious positive in the first mannan detection.Eleven were tested positive and one was suspicious positive in the first anti-mannan IgG antibody detection.Undergoing anti-fungal therapy, anti-mannan IgG antibody persisted longer positivity than mannan during 14 days supervision.For candidemia, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negativity predictive value of mannan and anti-mannan antibody were 41.7%, 98.8%, 92.4%, 100% and 91.7%, 52.8%, 100%, 27.5% respectively.The areas under the Receive Operating Characteristic curve of mannan and mannan and antimannan antibody were both 0.708 (95%CI:0.517-0.900).The Kappa scores were respectively 0.520 and 0.559.Conclusion Candida albicans and Candida grabrata were the main pathogens of candidemia.And Intensive Care Unit was the main risk unit for candidemia.In diagnosis of candidemia, mannan has the high specificity while mannan IgG antibody has the high sensitivity.Mannan combined with anti-mannan antibody could improve the sensitivity and specificity to some extent for diagnosis of candidemia.

Analysis of superficial mycosis and pathogenic fungi in 822 cases

JIA Yu-qi, PARIDE Abliz

2014, 9(6):  331-334. 

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Objective To analyze the prevalence of superficial mycosis and pathogenic fungi in Urumqi.Methods Direct microscopic check and fungi cultivation were performed of superficial mycosis patients in the Department of Dermatology of our hospital during January 2006 to December 2013.SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to statistical analysis ofthe result with positive outcomes.Results In 822 patients, including 214 (26.0%) cases of tinea corporis, 131 (15.9%) cases of tinea pedis, 128 (15.6%) cases of tinea capitis, 125 (15.2%) cases of onychomycosis, 119 (14.5%) cases of tinea cruris, 54 (6.6%) cases of ringworm, 38 (4.6%) cases of candidiasis, 13 (1.6%) cases of pityriasis versicolor. Distribution of strains including 336 (40.9%) strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 239 (29.1%) strains of Trichophyton rubrum, 68 (8.3%) strains of Microsporum canis, 48 (5.8%) strains of Microsporum ferrugineum, 38 (4.6%) strains of Candida species, 33 (4%) strains of Trichophyton tonsurans, 23 (2.8%) strains of Trichophyton schoenleinii, 3 (1.6%) strains of Malassezia species, 9 (1.1%)strains of Trichophyton verrucosum, 7 (0.9%)strains of Trichophyton violaceum. Statistical analysis showed:There was statistical significance in the constituent ratio of tinea cruris, tinea pedis and onychomycosis between different sex (P <0.05), in addition to tinea corporis and pityriasis versicolor, the other group of superficial mycoses distribution has the obvious difference in age (P <0.05).Conclusion The first of superficial mycosis is tinea corporis, tinea pedis and tinea capitisis is the second, Pathogenis still dominated by dermatophytes, Trichophyton mentagrophytes is the first pathogenic fungi followed by Trichophyton rubrum.Tinea pedis and onychomycos occurred in female, tinea corporis and pityriasis versicolor occurred in male.In addition to tinea corporis and pityriasis versicolor, different ages of superficial mycosis distribution have obvious difference, tinea capitis occurs mainly in adolescent.

Current status investigation of the treatment in tinea pedis

WANG Ai-ping, GAO Lu-juan, XI Li-yan, LI Tie-nan, DUAN Yi-qun, YI Shun-qiang, LIU Wei-bing, WANG Xiu-li, WANG Gui-zhi, XU Ai-e, WEN Hai, LI Ruo-yu

2014, 9(6):  335-338. 

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Objectives To investigate the current treatment status of tinea pedis in Chinese patients and to improve the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment guideline in clinicians.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in 9 hospitals in China under the organization of Chinese Dermatologist Association.Results A total of 690 questionnaires were finished and analyzed. The statistic data revealed that the majority of Chinese patients would purchase some topical antifungal agents in the pharmacy by themselves. Imidazoles were the most commonly used. However, treatments were discontinued when skin lesions subsided or pruritus was relieved. The median treatment duration was two weeks, which was obviously not enough for tinea pedis. Given that patients with tinea pedis often present with other forms of dermatophyte infection, such as onychomycosis and there is an increase incidence of tinea pedis in their family members, it is of great importance to treat the concurrent infection and their family members at the same time.Conclusion This study is of great significance to the establishment of appropriate strategy for the prevention and treatment of tinea pedis and efforts made in patient education.

The investigation of the colonization of Malassezia yeasts in skin of the patients with pruritus of unknown origin

TANG Xin-ping, HE Li-yong, FAN Long-zhong, QIU Jian-guo

2014, 9(6):  339-341,334. 

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Objective To investigate the colonization and the species identification of Malassezia yeasts in skin of the patients with pruritus of unknown origin (PUO) in the Marine corps in southern China. The purpose of our study was to evaluated the relationship between Malassezia microflora and PUO.Methods The samples collected from the skin of 56 cases of patients with PUO and 50 healthy controls were detected by direct microscopic examination using Crystal violet staining and were cultured using rapeseed oil medium.The yeasts isolated were identified by their morphological and bio-physiological properties according to Guillot et al method.Results In both observation and control groups, the positive rate of direct microscopic examination were respectively 74.10% and 72.00%, No statistical difference was observed (χ²=0.344, P >0.05) between the two groups. However, the positive rate of the colonization density of Malassezia spores at level III-IV (Per 10 HPF≥50-100 spores) in the observation group were significantly higher than it in the control group. (were respectively 74.70 % and 38.89%, χ²=20.30, P <0.05). Four Malassezia species were identified from 143 isolates obtained from the observation group, the positive rate were 85.12% (143/168), in which 97 isolates were identified as M.sympodialis (67.83%), 26 isolates were M.globosa (18.18%), and 19 isolates were M.furfur (13.29%), and 1 isolates were M.obtuse (0.70%). Four Malassezia species were identified from 107 isolates obtained from the control group, the positive rate were 71.33%, in which 55 isolates were identified as M.furfur (51.40%), 33 isolates were M.sympodialis (30.84%), 14 isolates were M.globosa (13.08%), and 5 isolates were M.obtuse (4.67%) . The identification rate and distribution of Malassezia yeasts in the skin were significantly different between the two groups (χ²=2.99, P<0.01 and χ²=51.16, P <0.01, respectively).Conclusion The colonization density of Malassezia yeasts in the observation group were significantly higher than it in the control group.M.sympodialis is the major species of Malassezia microflora found in the observation group.

A bibliometric analysis on clinical research of trichosporonosis from PubMed database

LIAO Yong, LV Xue-lian, TANG Qing-long, YANG Su-teng, LIU Han, YANG Rong-ya

2014, 9(6):  342-346. 

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Objective To give an outline of the development of clinical research on trichosporonosis worldwide by an overview of related literature from PubMed for providing ideas and basis for further research.Methods Medical literature on clinical trichosporonosis in PubMed database was analyzed by using a bibliometric tool, Thomson Data Analyzer. The distributions of years, nations, journals, and currently hot topics on trichosporonosis were analyzed.Results The literature of trichosporonosis was traced back to1970, went through the period of rapid growth from 1981 to 1992, the numbers of paper published every year was stable recent years. Japan has leading advantages in the field of trichosporonosis. The numbers of papers from United States, India, Brazil, France and China were on the top, while Ando M and Araki S from Kumamoto University Medical School and Sakata T from Saitama Medical School were the top three authors in these publications. The journals published the most papers of trichosporonosis were Japanese Journal of Thoracic Diseases and Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Hot topics in the field of trichosporonosis were related to diagnosis, treatment, status of host immune and pathogenesis of Trichosporon spp.Conclusion Japan and United States are the top two countries in this field. More Chinese research teams join to this field of trichosporonosis research in recent five years. Diagnosis and treatment are the hot topics in this field.

A misdiagnosed case abscess caused by Candida tropicalis

CHENG Wei-ping, NONG Xian-gang

2014, 9(6):  347-349. 

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To report one case of abdominal abscess and fistula caused by Candida tropicalis.A female patient, 78 years old, undergoes a laparoscopic surgery due to duodenal perforation and peritonitis.The wound has not completely healed.The patient was hospitalized for abdominal abscess and fistula.Twice secretion culture showed no bacteria growth.The fungal direct microscopic examination was positive, and the fungi was identified as Candida tropicalis by fungal culture.Histopathology showed inflammatory granuloma and numerous pseudomycelium and spores were found.By oral itraconazole and amphotericin B solution gauze drainage, the patient was almost cured by 3 months.

A case of tinea faciei

NIE Shu, ZHONG Bin, ZHU Hong-mei, WEN Hai

2014, 9(6):  350-351,349. 

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This is a report of tinea faciei caused by Trichophyton rubrum.A 60-year-old female with 2 weeks history of erythemas on her right cheek and behind her right ear with itching.It was diagnosed as tinea faciei by the clinical manifestation, medical history, microscopic examination and fungal culture of Trichophyton rubrum.After 4 weekd of oral itraconazole combined with topical terbinafine hydrochloride, the lesion disappeared.

Thecurative effect observation of terbinafine hydrochloride cream for hyperkeratotic type tinea pedis

YAN Rui, XU Ai-guo, HUANG Chen, ZHANG Li-li

2014, 9(6):  352-354. 

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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of terbinafine hydrochloride cream for tinea pedis.Methods Seventy-nine cases of pedis tinea patients were divided into two groups randomly. Patients in treatment group were treated with terbinafine hydrochloride cream coated with the affected area after dressing closed over night.Patients in control group were treated with terbinafine hydrochloride cream to the affected part only.The cure course in both groups were two weeks. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared after two weeks.Results The efficiency rate of the treatment group was 73.17%;control group was 50.00%, two groups difference had statistically significant.Conclusion The efficiency of terbinafine hydrochloride cream coated outside combine bandaging is better than that only coated.

History and future of fungal collection

ZHAN Ping, LIU Wei-da

2014, 9(6):  355-358. 

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Culture collections are organizations collecting, identifying, preserving and distributing microbial strains, which play a very important role in modern society. The first microbial culture collection was founded at the end of 18 century, which followed by hundreds of other collections in the next 100 year. These organizations vary in sizes and purposes, some of which widely collect all kinds of biological samples whereas the others are specialized in certain kinds of microorganisms. Nowadays, culture collections aim at not only collecting and maintaining microbial strains, but also microbiological related materials, such as cell lines, hybridoma, DNA, RNA and Proteins. To establish global standard for biosafety and protocols, to integrate data and share information among all collections worldwide are the developing directions for WFCC (World Federation for Culture Collections). This review focus on the history and development of fungal collections.

Advances in research on FKS mutation and echinocandin resistance of Candida glabrata

GAO Ying, SHE Xiao-dong, LIU Wei-da

2014, 9(6):  364-367,363. 

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The proportion of systemic fungal infections in humans caused by C.glabrata has increased significantly in recent years, and in the same time, cases about echinocandins therapeutic failure to this pathogen has been reported more and more.FKS mutation has a significant role in the growth of MIC values and echinocandin resistance, and a lot of elements can effect it.

Epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of invasive Candida tropicalis

FAN Xin, XU Ying-chun

2014, 9(6):  368-372. 

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With the using of antineoplastic, immunosuppressive and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, the incidence of fungal infections climbed significantly, most of which were caused by Candida species.Candida tropicalis has become the commonest pathogenic non-albicans Candida species.In China, the prevalence of C.tropicalis and its resistant rate to fluconazole and voriconazole were much higher than worldwide average level.However, comparing to Candida albicans, researching and related clinical information about C.tropicalis was insufficient.Therefore, the aim of the present article was to have a comprehensive and systematic review of the risk factors of invasive C.tropicalis infection, epidemiology and antifungal resistance.

The research progress of fungal granuloma

LI Ge, ZHOU Wen-ming

2014, 9(6):  373-376. 

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Fungal granuloma takes second place in infectious granulomas.Granuloma is caused by a wide variety of fungi, including coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis, paracoccidioidomycosis sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis, alternariosis, eumycetoma, lobomycosis, rhinosporidiosis, zygomycosis, Cladophialophora bantiana, in addition to Dermatophytes such as Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and so on, Candida albicans can also cause granulomas.This paper reviews the research progress of fungal granuloma etiology and pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment and so on.