Table of Content

28 August 2013, Volume 8 Issue 4

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Analysis on clinical characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis under different immune status

FAN Bi-jun, WANG Bao-qing, ZHANG Han-zhi, HE Li-xian, ZHANG Zhi-yong

2013, 8(4):  193-197. 

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Objective To improve clinical diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary cryptococcosis by analyzing clinical characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis in patients with different immunological status.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 100 patients diagnosed with pulmonary cryptococcosis in major teaching hospitals of Shanghai between 1998 and 2009.Results 46.00 % of the patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis had no other diseases previously. In clinic, the major primary symptoms included cough, expectoration, and fever. The patients without immune dysfunction usually had no symptoms, in which the lesions were mainly under pleurapulmonalis (66.22%), in unilateral lung (72.97%) and single lung lobe (59.46%), and mostly appeared as nodules or masses (55.41%). However, the lesions in patients with immune dysfunction varied with wide and random distribution. 14 out of 19 cases (73.68%) were diagnosed by the transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB). 26 out of 36 cases (72.22%) were diagnosed by the percutancous cutting needle biopsy (PCNB).Conclusion The patients without other diseases previously cannot be excluded from pulmonary cryptococcosis. The lesions in patients without immune dysfunction are mainly under plierapulmonalis with limited distribution, and most of them appeare as nodules and masses. However, the lesions in patients with immune dysfunction vary with wide and random distribution.TBLB and PCNB are good methods for the diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis with high positive rate, and they can also compensate each other.

Construction and identification of SPE1-overexpressing strain of Candida albicans

YAO Xiang-wen, ZHAO Liu-ya, YAN Yu, LU Hui, CAO Ying-ying, JIANG Yuan-ying

2013, 8(4):  198-201. 

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Objective To construct the overexpression of SPE1 in Candida albicans.Methods We inserted SPE1 open reading frame (ORF) under the control of the MET3 promoter in pCaEXP plasmid to construct pCaEXP-SPE1 plasmids which can overexpress SPE1 gene. Then we use lithium acetate method to transform the pCaEXP-SPE1 into Candida albicans RM1000 and select positive colony in SD-ura^-met^-cys^-selective solid culture medium. PCR was used to investigate the integration and the level of mRNA of SPE1 gene was detected by Real Time RT-PCR.Results SPE1-overexprssing plasmid was exactly established by restriction enzyme digestion.SPE1-overexpressing strain was successfully constructed as confirmed by PCR. And we used Real Time RT-PCR to successfully select a SPE1-overexpressing strain.Conclusions A strain highly expressing SPE1 gene can be successfully constructed by using the pCaEXP plasmid and the gene homologous recombination.

In vitro activity of Extracts of Juglans against Candida albicans biofilms

YU Xiao-li, WEN Ping, WANG Jun

2013, 8(4):  202-204. 

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Objective To investigate in vitro effects of Extracts of Juglans on C.albicans biofilms.Methods XTT reduction assay was performed to determine the effect of Extracts of Juglans on C.albicans biofilms and its adherence. The effect of Extracts of Juglans on morphogenesis of C.albicans biofilms was observed by inverted microscopy.Results SMIC₅₀, SMIC₉₀ of Extracts of Juglans against C.albicans biofilms was15.2 μg/mL, 23.4 μg/mL, respectively. Extracts of Juglans at the concentration of >20 μg/mL could inhibit the adherence of C.albicans.Extracts of Juglans at t he concentration of 30 μg/mL could inhibit biofilm formation totally.Conclusions Extracts of Juglans shows potential activity ag ainst C.albicans biofilm in the study.

Effects of 1064nm Nd：YAG laser irradiation on 5 main pathogenic fungi of onychomycosis

CHEN Li-hua, ZHU Hong-mei, HUANG You-ming, HU Chan, TAN Hong-yue, ZHONG Bin, LI Ping, WEN Hai

2013, 8(4):  205-209. 

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Objective To observe the effect of 1064nm Nd:YAG laser irradiation on the growth of 5 main pathogenic fungi of onychomycosis including Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Aspergillus fumigatus.Methods Suspension of T.rubrum,T.mentagrophytes,C.albicans,C.parapsilosis were spotted on ager media. After incubation for several days, the colonies were exposed to various energies of 1064nm Nd:YAG laser. For T.r and T.m, diameters of colonies were measured on the first, third, and sixth days after laser irradiation. For C.a and C.p, the subculture's survival rates of different energies of laser irradiation were assessed respectively. As for A.fumigatus, having been incubated on the whole plate, to compare the different diameters of circular growth-free zones after different energies of laser treatment.Result In vitro, when the laser energy reaching 3 200 J/cm², the growth of five pathogenic fungi of onychomycosis could be inhibited significantly. And the higher the laser energy was, the more significant the inhibition would be, and even pathogenic fungi would be killed.Conclusion When the energy of 1064nm Nd:YAG laser reaching a certain amount, the pathogenic fungi of onychomycosis could be inhibited significantly or be killed.

Inhibitive effect of 4 kinds of Chinese herbal and their compound on Malassezia in vitro

GUO Hui-yi, ZHOU Xin-xin, JIANG Dan

2013, 8(4):  210-213. 

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Objective To observe the vitro inhibitive effect of lightyellow Sothora Root, Desefruit Pittany Poot-baik, Cacumen Platycladi, Radix Angelicae Sinensis and their mixture on the CBS standard strains of Malassezia.Methods Liquid medium including olive oil was used to test the sensitivity of Chinese herb to Malassezia.Results Minimum Inhibitive sensitivity (MIC) sorted from small to large were Dictamnine, Matrine, lightyellow Sothora Root, Cacumen Platycladi, Oxymatrine, Cacumen Platycladi+Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Immortals pills), Four Chinese herbal medicine mixture, Desefruit Pittany Poot-baik, Immortals pills+lightyellow Sothora Root, Immortals pills+Desefruit Pittany Poot-baik Root, Quercetin, Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Ferulic acid.Conclusion Four Chinese herbal medicine, their mixture and main active ingredients can inhibit Malassezia.

Analysis of pathogenic fungi of 805 cases with onychomycosis

YIN Song-chao, ZHANG Yun-qing, TAN Yong-fang, YANG Jun-ye, HUANG Huai-qiu, LI Huan, LAI Wei

2013, 8(4):  214-216. 

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Objective To investigate the types and composition of pathogens of onychomycosis in the Guangzhou area in recent years.Methods The mycology culture-positive patients of onychomycosis were collected and analyzed in our hospital dermatology laboratory were analyzed from June 2008 to Octobor 2012.Results In the 805 cases of mycology culture-positive pathogenic fungus,the most frequently fungus were yeast (50.55%), followed by the dermatophytes (47.95%). Mold is ranked third, accounting for (1.61%). The distibution of different fungal species have a difference at different ages.Conclusion The most frequent fungus species of onychomycosis patients in our hospital is yeast, followed by dermatophytes and molds. Age is an important factor affecting the fungal species distribution.

Microsporum canis infection:analysis of 162 cases

YANG Hong, GAO Zhi-qin, CHEN Jian, LI Min, DAI He-jun, YANG Lian-juan

2013, 8(4):  217-219. 

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Objective Microsporum canis is one of the common causative agents of dermatophytosis. This paper analyzed 162 patients infected with M.canis who attended outpatient clinic during 2011 to 2012.Methods M.canis infections were diagnosed by mycological examinations. Analyze basic information, medicine histories, clinical characteristics and treatment of these patients.Results There were 39 cases in children under the age of 15, the ratio of male to female patients was 0.7:1, tinea capitis was the most common form. There were 123 cases in adult patients, the ratio of male to female patients was 0.19:1, tinea corporis was the most common form. Family members infected M.canis at the same time in 16 cases (8 couples). There were 139 cases of exactly animal contact history (85.8%), pet was a possible source of infection (cats or dogs).Conclusion Dermatomycosis caused by M.canis is special in the age and sex distribution and clinical types. After standard therapy, all patients with M.canis were fully healed. The pets should be treated at the same time, in order to eliminate the source of infection.

Meifute^® Antifungal Solution in the treatment of tinea pedis：an open, multicentre trial

WANG Chong, LI Ming, WANG Xiu-li, XU Ai-e, SHI Xin, ZENG Rong, ZHAN Ping, WANG Le, SHEN Yong-nian, LV Gui-xia, LIU Wei-da

2013, 8(4):  220-222,227. 

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Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Meifute^® Antifungal Solution in the treatment of tinea pedis.Methods A open,multicentre trial was conducted in 5 muticentre.A total of 126 patients was enrolled.The patients with interdigital tinea pedis were applied once, and The patients with hyperkeratotic tinea pedis were applied twice interval of one week.Global efficacy,clinical improvement and mycological cure was assessed in terms of total symptom score (TSS), mycology determination (KOH and dermatophyte culture) at baseline, 1,2 and 3 weeks after treatment.Results After treatment, mycological cure rate was 92.86%,TSS in four interview point, was 10.12±3.25,4.95±2.72,2.63±1.99和1.24±1.53 respectively,demonstrate a decreasing tendency,there is a significant defference in TSS between before and after treatment (t=30.87,P<0.005). Cure rates, effective rates and improved rates were 40.48%,50.79% and 8.73% respectively,the global efficacy was 91.27%. Incidence of adverse events was low, and the symptoms, including pain (20 cases/time), pruritus (5 cases/time), edema (2 cases/time) causalgia (1 cases/time),is confined and self-regressive.Conclusion These findings indicate that Meifute^® Antifungal Solution was highly safe and effective in the treatment of tinea pedis.

Bibliometrics analysis of high citation publications of Chinese Journal of Mycology

JIA Ze-jun, DENG Xiao-qun, LIU Jian-min

2013, 8(4):  223-227. 

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Objective To analysis the high citation publications of Chinese Journal of Mycology base on bibliometrics, in order to guide the journal development and the research on Mycology.Methods The literatures of Chinese Journal of Mycology were searched in CNKI database (2006-2012) using the following terms:soures=(Chinese Journal of Mycology). The searching results were sorting by the citation frequency. Then, the top 100 literatures were analysized.Results From the first issue in 2006 to 2012, 843 articles were publicated. To June 9, 2013, the total citation frequency was 2 132, per article 2.53, the top one was 42 times and the number of the article with citation frequency>=4 was 173, about 20.5%. The high citation articles were in 2006-2007, the major institute were from Shanghai, Beijing, and Sichuan, and so on. The majority trend of the articles was on the clinical epidemiology research, gene and molecular diagnosis, antimicrobial medicine, and so on. TCM research on Mycology was also the hotspots.Conclusion From 2006 to 2012,the citation of publication of Chinese Journal of Mycology accords with the Pareto principle, but the level is lower; the development of Mycology research is not balance in different area; the clinical epidemiology research, gene and molecular diagnosis, antimicrobial medicine, and TCM research on Mycology maybe the hotspots.

A case of infant fixed sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix globosa and laboratory study

WANG Run-chao, WANG Ai-ping, WAN Zhe, LI Ruo-yu

2013, 8(4):  228-231. 

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A case of infant fixed sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix globosa was reported.A 3-month-old infant was admitted with skin granulomatous lesions beside the left medial canthus for 2 months.Direct smear examination and fungal culture, carbon source assimilation, PCR and calmodulin sequence analysis were performed for diagnosis.The antifungals susceptibility was tested according to M27-A3 and M38-A2 published by CLSI. Flower-shaped conidia and sleeve-like hyphae were observed in the slide culture. Calmodulin sequence were amplified,and the product was sequenced,which was aligned with 100% sequential similarity to multiple sequences of Sporothrix globosa in the GenBank database.The MICs for terbinafine and itraconazole were 0.5 μg/mL and 0.5 μg/mL against hyphae phage of the strain and 0.25 μg/mL and 0.5 μg/mL against yeast phage. The lesion was cured after oral terbinafine for 10 weeks. The case of fixed sporotrichosis was caused by Sporothrix globosa, terbinafine has good effect.

The research advance of the medical fungal genomics

ZHAN Ping, WANG Chong, LIU Wei-da

2013, 8(4):  234-240. 

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A serial of medical fungus genome data have been published in recent years, by which human can make a better understanding of the pathogenesis of these pathogens. Here we try to review the history of the medical fungal genomics,genome sequencing technology and introduce the development and progress of clinical important medical fungi genome.

Key virulence factors of Aspergillus fumigatus：an update

JIA Zhen-yu, LI De-dong, JIANG Yuan-ying, WANG Yan

2013, 8(4):  241-245. 

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The pathogenicity of Aspergillus fumigatus is due to its virulence factors. In recent years, some cell surface proteins (e.g. GPI-anchored protein) and toxins (e.g. gliotoxin) are regarded as the key virulence factors of A.fumigatus. In this article, we reviewed the key virulence factors of A.fumigatus and presented the prospect of future studies.

Progress in molecular epidemiology of common deep opportunistic pathogenic fungi

WU Ke-fei, ZHU Min

2013, 8(4):  246-251. 

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With the abuse of antibiotics and the increasing number of immuno-compromised patients, the infection rate of the deep opportunistic pathogenic fungi is rising year by year, with high morbidity and fatality rate. By the method of genotyping, molecular epidemiology combines infective characteristics and epidemiological date of patients to analyze, which is of great significance for the prevention and cure of diseases. Progress in molecular epidemiology of three common deep opportunistic pathogenic fungi (Candida albicans,Aspergillus fumigates,Cryptococcus) were reviewed in this article.

Advances in the MAPK signaling pathway of Candida albicans

WANG De, HUANG Xin, ZHAO Li-lan, ZHAO Jing-jun

2013, 8(4):  252-256. 

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Candida albicans is the most common opportunistic pathogen in humans. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) chain is one of the most important ways of eukaryotic signal network and it plays a key role in regulating gene expression in the cytoplasm functions. There are mainly four MAPK signaling pathways in Candida albicans: Mkc1, Cek1, Cek2 and HOG. The HOG pathway plays an important role in MAPK signaling pathway of Candida albicans. The understanding about the role of MAPK signaling pathway in Candida albicans and related regulatory mechanism will provide help to find new drug targets and the treatment of candidiasis.