Table of Content

28 February 2012, Volume 7 Issue 1

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Combination antifungal activity of ethanol extracts from Rubus idaeus and antifungal azoles

ZHANG Shi-qun, LIN Hui, MIAO Qi, LIU Wei, CAO Yong-bing, JIANG Yuan-ying

2012, 7(1):  4-7. 

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Objective To investigate the antifungal activity of extracts from Rubus idaeus combined with azole drugs against Candida spp.in vitro.Methods The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),the fractional inhibitory concentration index(FICI) of extracts from Rubus idaeus and combination with azole drugs against Candida spp.were determined by M27-A Microdilution Method based on CLSI.Results All extracts from Rubus idaeus by different solution methods showed collaboration with fluconazole.For example,the MIC₈₀ of ethanol extracts from Rubus idaeus against Candida spp.mainly concentrated on 0.16~1.25 mg/mL,while combined with fluconazole showed the collaboration(FICI≤0.5),and the MIC₈₀ reduced to 0.01~0.04 mg/mL.The antifungal effect of fluconazole against Candida spp.was also strengthened.Besides,the MIC₈₀s of ethanol extracts from Rubus idaeus were also reduced from 10 mg/mL to 0.04 mg/mL when being combined with other azole drugs.Conclusion The antifungal effect of ethanol extracts from Rubus idaeus or azole drugs against resistant Candidas was weaker,while the combination showed clear collaboration and the effect against resistant Candida spp.significantly enhanced.

Effect of monomers(pentaeyclic triterpennoids of saikosaponines) from Buplerum kunmingense against itraconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains

PIAO Ying-lan, SHEN Liang-liang, YE Yuan-kang, PAN Sheng-li, WU Ji-min

2012, 7(1):  8-11. 

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Objective To study the antifungal activity of the monomer Bp3(saikosaponins) isolated from Bupleurum kunmingense with chemical structure of Pentaeyclic triterpennoids.Methods According to the Standard of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI),the microdilution method and checkerboard microdilution method were used to determine the antifungal activities of Bp3,itraconazole and their combination to itraconazole-resistant C.albicans strains respectively.Results The minimal inhibitory concentrations(MIC) of Bp3 and itraconazole alone were 1.941 μg/mL and 1.008 μg/mL,respectively.In the combination,the MIC of Bp3 and itraconazole were 1.189 μg/mL and 0.346 μg/mL respectively.The geometric mean(MG) of Bp3 and itraconazole were significant reduce in MIC.The interaction analysis showed that synergistic and additive effects were showed in these isolates.Conclusion Comparing with any single agent,the combination of Bp3 and itraconazole was significantly more active to itraconazole-resistant C.albicans strains.

Studies to establish a new susceptibility test method for Malassezia furfur

CHEN Dong-ke, XU Hong-tao

2012, 7(1):  12-16. 

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Objective To establish a new susceptibility test method for Malassezia furfur.Methods Adding different types and contents of lipid to ATB F2 medium.The MICs of ATCC14521 and clinical strains of M.furfur were measured by ATB Fungus 3.Results After 72 hours incubation,strains of M.furfur grew well in growth control wells.When the concentration of TWEEN 40 was 1% in the wells,strains of M.furfur grew fully,and the results of susceptibility tests was influenced minimally.The different types and contents of lipid could impact the experimental results.Conclusions Using improved ATB Fungus 3 in susceptibility test of M.furfur,the operation was more easy,the results were more easily to read,and the experimental results were repeatability.The growth status of clinical strains in growth control wells was just like that of ATCC14521,and the results were more easily to determine.

Construction and identification of siRNA expression vector targeting MIS1 gene in Cryptococcus neoformans

LI Xiu-li, TIAN Yuan, SHI Yu-lin, GU Jun-ying, LI Xiao-jian, LIU Zhi-yu, MA Yue-e, GAO fei, WANG Xiu-xiu

2012, 7(1):  17-19,23. 

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Objective To construct siRNA expression vector targeting MIS1 gene in Cryptococcus neoformans.Methods Genome sequences of MIS1 gene were retrieved from Genebank and siRNA sequences were designed by Ambion online software.The cDNA was synthesized and inserted into Psilencer4.1-CMV neo,then identified through sequencing and real time PCR.Results The recombinant plasmid of siRNA targeting MIS1 in Cryptococcus neoformans completely coincided with the design,and the mRNA level of MIS1 was inhibited significantly.Conclusion The siRNA expression vector was constructed successfully,and laid a foundation for exploring the function of MIS1 in Cryptococcus neoformans.

Investigating and genotyping of Candida albicans clinical isolates

ZHOU Wan-qing, SHEN Han, ZHANG Zhi-feng, ZHANG kui

2012, 7(1):  20-23. 

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Objective To investigate the incidence of nosocomial Candida albicans infection in the Drum Town Hospital of Nanjing,and the correlation between drug-resistance and genotyping.Methods We investigated the clinical isolates of Candida albicans from March to November in 2011 retrospectively.Two hundred and thirty-two isolates were selectived randomly for the genotyping,with polymerase chain reaction for the 25S rDNA of Candida albicans.The antifungal susceptibility was carried out with the ATB fungal test.Results The results show that 6196 positive culture strains were isolated in this period,with 973 isolates being fungal strains.The separation rate for Candida albicans was 58%(562/973) and mainly distributed in pneumology department(39.1%),with the main infected sites of lower respiratory tract(81.7),than in urinary tract infection(9.4%).The susceptibility test for the Candida albicans isolates showed that the drug resistance to flucytosine,amphotericin B,fluconazole,itraconazole and voriconazole were 0.9%,0%,1.4%,1.6% and 1.1%,respectively.The 232 clinical isolates were classified into three genotypes: genotype A(125 isolates),genotype B(96 isolates) and genotype C(11 isolates).Antifungal susceptibility test indicated that there were no statistically difference between the genotyping and drug-resistance.Conclusions In conclusion,Candida albicans was the mainly fungal isolate in the Drum Town Hospital of Nanjing,and the majority isolates were from lower respiratory tract.The clinical isolates of Candida albicans showed high susceptibility to the five antifungal drugs above.Genotypes A and B were the mainly isolates of Candida albicans.No statistically difference was found among the five antifungal drugs with the genotypes.

Clinical significance of increased serum IL-27 in children with mycosis intestinalis

CHENG Juan-juan, PAN Min, HAN Zhi-jun, GE Xiao-li

2012, 7(1):  24-26. 

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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of serum IL-27 on children with mycosis intestinalis.Methods The serum level of IL-27 and PCT of 89 children with mycosis intestinalis,61 viralgastroenteritis and 41 healthy volunteers were detected by ELISA.The association between IL-27 and white blood cell count and PCT was analysed.The diagnostic value of IL-27 on children with mycosis intestinalis was evaluated by receiver operating characteristics(ROC) curve analysis.Results The level of serum IL-27 was significantly increased in children with mycosis intestinalis than that of viral intestinalis group and healthy control group(P<0.01).The level of serum IL-27 positive correlated with PCT,was observed in children with mycosis intestinalis.Area under cure(AUC) confirmed by ROC analysis was 0.82(95% Confidence interval(CI):0.63-0.89) for IL-27.At the best cut-off value of 0.82 pg/ml,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of IL-27 are 0.75 and 0.79 respectively.Conclusions Serum IL-27 has high diagnostic performance for children with mycosis intestinalis,which should be an early biomarker for children with mycosis intestinalis.

Treatment of chromoblastomycosis with itraconazole and full-thickness grafts

GAO Lu-juan, WANG Ai-ping, YANG Shu-xia, CHEN Wei, CHEN Xi-xue, LI Ruo-yu

2012, 7(1):  29-30. 

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A 47-year-old male patient who suffered from skin lesion on the neck for five years was reported.Multiple sclerotic bodies were found by direct microscopy and pathology,which were identified as Cladophialophora carrionii by fungal culture.The skin lesion subsided,with obvious scar leading to limited neck movements after 8-month itraconazole treatment.The patient was finally cured by scar resection and full thickness grafts with 2-more-month itraconazole.

A case report of cutaneous infection by Rhizopus microsporus variants with acute promyelocytic leukemia

WANG Lu-Xia, LAI Huang-Wen, SHI Ling-Bo, LIANG Yu-Hen, LI Li, WU Xiao-Li, FU Jie, LIU Hai-Ying

2012, 7(1):  33-36. 

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A case of cutaneous mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus variants was reported.An 30-year-old female with immunodeficiency and granulocytopenia after chemotherapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia was sufferred form fever and mucosa edema in the right submaxillary area,which gradually involved the right neck and right mandible.Necrotic tissue smear showed thick and right angle hyphae,which was further identified as Rhizopus microsporus variants by mycological examination and DNA sequencing.After intravenous amphothericin B and itraconazole with surgical debridement,the body temperature returned to normal.The lesion improved after two weeks and healed after four weeks without relapse within two years.

A case of corticosteroid-dependent dermatitis with incognito facial tinea

LV Sha, XU Yang, LI Fu-qiu

2012, 7(1):  37-38. 

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A case of corticosteroid-dependent dermititis with incognito facial tinea was reported.A 40-year-old man with diffused erythema,desquamation,red papules on the face,has been sufferring from pruritus and burning for 7 years,who was previously diagnosised as seborrheic dermatitis,contact dermatitis,eczema,and received glucocorticoids for external use.By direct microscopy and fungal culture,the patient was diagnosed as corticosteroid-dependent dermitis with incognito facial tinea caused by trichophyton rubrum.The leision improved evidently after two-week combined treatment(Itraconazole capsules 100 mg and pevisone ointment twice per day during the first week,then sertaconazole twice per day for the second week).The patient was cured after consecutive four-week treatment(only topical tacrolimus ointment once daily).

Cutaneous protothecosis

KANG Yu-li, ZHANG Qiang-qiang

2012, 7(1):  39-42. 

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The disease etiology,pathogenesis,epidemiology,clinical manifestations and treatment of cutaneous protothecosis were summarized by reviewing published related reports at home and abroad.

Congenital cutaneous candidiasis

CAI Qing, LIU Wei-da

2012, 7(1):  43-46. 

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Congenital cutaneous candidiasis(CCC) is uncommon due to intra-uterine infection of neonate,which is presented as skin lesions,or with nail involvement.Patients with CCC could be self-cured.The course of CCC is benign,but atifungal agents are necessary for the infants with systemic infections who are at high risk of death.Risk factors,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment of CCC were reviewed jn this paper.

The situation in the treatment of invasive fungal infections

LI Meng, LIAO Wan-qing

2012, 7(1):  47-51. 

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The incidence of invasive fungal infections(IFIs) had increased over the last decade with the rise of risk population of patients who suffered from immunologic deficit.The morbidity and mortality of IFIs are high and the management of these conditions is a great challenge.This article reviews the epidemiology of the IFIs,the recently developed antifungal agents and the newly therapeutic strategies.

Advances in research on mechanisms for drug resistance of Candida krusei

QIAO Zu-sha, FENG Wen-li

2012, 7(1):  55-58. 

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Invasive infections of Candida krusei increased in recent years contributed to the resistance to fuconazole.The mechanism of resistance in C.krusei may be a variety of drug-resistant possibilities including changed structure of cytochrome P450 sterol 14-demethylase in fungal cell,overexpression of efflux pumps,and reduced intracellular drug accumulation.

Update of real-time PCR in the diagnosis of invasive Aspergillosis

GAO Lu-juan, YU Jin, LI Ruo-yu

2012, 7(1):  59-64. 

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Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR) has been applied in the research for early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis(IA) for more than ten years with preferable sensitivities and specificities.However,various results were reported due to the variable procedures and specimens chosen.Standardization is needed for aspergillus identification.Progress and the utilization of qPCR in the diagnosis of IA were reviewed in this report.