Chinese Journal of Mycology

The role ofpbs2 gene in the heat stress and cell wall stress of Aspergillus fumigatus

YANG Fang, LIU Wei, WAN Zhe, JI Ya-juan, LI Ruo-yu

2011, 6(4): 199-202.

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Objective To verify the role of pbs2 gene in the heat stress and cell wall stress of Aspergillus fumigatus.Methods The sensitivities of AF293 and pbs2 mutant growing on the YAG medium with different concentrations of Calcofluor white,Congo red and Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to the cell wall interfering compounds and to the echinocandins were observed.The expressions of pbs2 and hog1 gene of AF293 and the pbs2 mutant upon heat stress were detected by Real-time PCR.Results AF293 and the pbs2 mutant showed no difference in sensitivity to cell wall interfering compounds at 37℃,but the sensitivity of pbs2 mutant increased at 50℃.Calcofluor white (600 μg/mL),Congo red (400 μg/mL) or SDS (100 μg/mL) totally inhibited the growth of pbs2 mutant but had no effects on AF293.Compared to AF293,the pbs2 mutant showed increased sensitivity to echinocandins at 50℃,but no difference at 35℃ or 42℃.The MEC of caspofungin and micafungin to AF293 and the pbs2 mutant were 0.5 μg/mL at 35℃ and 42℃,0.25 μg/mL at 50℃,respectively.Echinocandins (0.5 μg/mL) could completely inhibited the growth of pbs2 mutant but not AF293 at 50℃.Upon heat stress at 50℃,the pbs2 and hog1 RNA expression of AF293 decreased to 3% and 13%,respectively,while the hog1 expression of the pbs2 mutant decreased to 35%.Conclusions The pbs2 gene plays a protective role in A.fumigatus adapting to the heat stress and cell wall stress.

Clinical and pathological analysis on 100 cases of sporotrichosis

MEI Xiang-lin, XIA Jian-xin, WANG Jing-yi, LI Xue, ZHU Wen-jing, LI Fu-qiu

2011, 6(4): 203-206.

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Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological features of sporotrichosis.Method Toally 100 cases of sporotrichosis were included and clinical,pathological,and (or) spore detection rate were analysed.Results Sporotrichosis easily developed in the female which was 1.39 times of the male.The fixed form was the most common presentation with 58% incidence,while 48% mainly in 40-59 years old population.It happened most frequently in the face (49%) and upper limbs (45%).Typical pathological changes occurred in 23% cases with perineural infiltration of inflammatory cells.Spore detection rate in PAS staining was about 68%.Conclusions Fixed form is the most common presentation of sporotrichosis with variable characteristics in histopathology and 70% spore detection rate.

A case of disseminated cryptococcosis:clinical and laboratory investigations

RAN Meng-long, LU Qiao-yun, TU Ping, WAN Zhe, YANG Shu-xia, WU Yan, LI Ruo-yu, WANG Ai-ping

2011, 6(4): 207-211.

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Objective To report a case of disseminated cryptococcosis with related laboratory investigations.Methods A 72-year-old man was admitted due to erythroderma with multiple nodules and ulcers on the limbs.The diagnosis was confirmed by CT,biopsy,tissue culture,urease test and PCR sequencing anglysis.Results Skin tissue biopsy showed plenty of fungal components.Tissue culture produced yeast-like colony,which was positive in urease test.The strain was identified as Cryptococcus neoformans var.grubii by sequencing of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region.Specific cryptococcal antigen test of serum showed strong positive result (++++).Chest CT indicated pulmonary cavity in the posterior basal segment of the left lung.The patient was finally diagnosed as disseminated cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var.grubii.Conclusions Clinical and laboratory studies of this case assisted diagnosis of disseminated cryptococcosis.Microdissection and ITS region sequencing are promising approaches for diagnosis of fungal infections.

Cryptococcal meningitis complicated with pneumonia after kidney transplantation:one case report and literature review

ZHU Fan-yuan, ZHU You-hua, ZHANG Lei, WANG Li-ming

2011, 6(4): 212-215.

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Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of cryptococcal meningitis complicated with pneumonia after kidney transplantation.Methods One case of cryptococcal meningitis complicated with pneumonia after kidney transplantation was reported and related literatures were reviwed.Result The clinical symptoms (headache,nausea and vomiting,cough and expectoration etc) and the lung lesions in CT imaging disappeared after induction therapy with amphotericin B liposome and voriconazole and maintenance therapy with voriconazole.The acute rejection was abscent during the course of treatment.Conclusions As the clinical findings of kidney transplant recipients with cryptococcal meningitis complicated with pneumonia are non-specific,CSF india ink stain and latex agglutination test for cryptococcal antigen should be performed to establish an early diagnosis.Timely diagnosis and antifungal therapy are necessary of the prognosis.Immunosuppressive drugs should be adjusted depending the progress of antifungal therapy.

Lumbar drainage catheter for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis:4 case reports and literature review

LEI Wen-zhi, YANG Ya-li, LIU Xiao-gang, DU Lin, CHEN Yu-chong, CHEN Jiang-han, GU Ju-lin, WEN Hai

2011, 6(4): 216-219.

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Objective To observe the effect of lumbar drainage catheter and intrathecal injection of amphotericin B on the early treatment of cryptococcal meningitis,and to investigate the clinical feasibility.Methods Clinical data of 4 patients with cryptococcal meningitis under lumbar drainage catheter treatment was collected and analyzed.Results After early treatment of lumbar drainage catheter and intrathecal injection of amphotericin B,3 patients were cured without recurrence and the other one was significanly improved.Conclusions Lumbar drainage catheter combined with intrathecal injection of amphotericin B in early treatment of cryptococcal meningitis is efficient in the reduction of high CSF pressure and the improvement of clinical symptoms.

A long-term clinical study on oral terbinafine combined with topical bifonazole cream for tinea pedis treatment

ZHANG Ya-jie, LI Qing

2011, 6(4): 220-224.

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Objective To find the best schedule for tinea pedis treatment.Methods A total of 250 patients with tinea pedis were divided into five groups: group A (oral terbinafine combined with 1% topical bifonazole cream for 1 week),group B (oral terbinafine for 1 week combined with 1% topical bifonazole cream for 2 weeks),group C (oral terbinafine for 2 weeks combined with 1% topical bifonazole cream for 1 week),group D (oral terbinafine combined with 1% topical bifonazole cream for 2 weeks),and group E (only 1% topical bifonazole cream for 4 weeks).Efficacy and relapse rates were analysed at the end point,week 4,24,40,56 and week 72.Results By the end of week 24,40,56 and week 72,clinical effective rate in group A,B,C and D showed statistical difference with that in group E,while group D showed statistical difference with group A and B by the end of week 40,56 and week 72.At week 24,40,56 and week 72,microbiological cure rate in group A,B,C and D showed statistical difference with that in group E,while group D showed statistical difference with group A and B at week 56 and 72.At week 40,relapse rates in group A,B,C and D were statistically different from that in group E,while at week 56 and 72,group D showed statistical difference with group A and B.Conclusions Two-week treatment with oral terbinafine and 1% topical bifonazole cream has the best therapeutic effect and lowest relapse rate.

Tinea corporis caused by Microsporum gypseum in the forehead of a baby

GUO Yan-yang, CHEN Xue-wen, MA Cui-ling, QI Xian-long

2011, 6(4): 230-231.

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To report a case of baby tinea corporis caused by Microsporum gypseum.A 15-day baby with maculopapule and popular in the left forehead for one week was diagnosed as tinea corporis and the pathogen was identified as Microsporum gypseum.The lesion was healed after 1-week sertaconazole ointment treatment.

Advances in the research of fungal sinusitis

LIN Cheng, FAN Jing-ping, LIN Shun-zhang, LANG Jun-tian, LIU Hai-bin

2011, 6(4): 236-240.

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Fungal rhino-sinusitis is a common but infection in otorhinolaryngology.Patients with antibiotics,corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents treatment,long-term radiotherapy,or with some chronic diseases such as diabetes,adustum were thought to be easilly occured with FRS.In recent years,FRS has been found in healthy people,but the reason is not clear.In this article,clinical type,diagnosis,treatment and therapeutic effectiveness of FRS are reviewed.

Diagnosis and treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome complicated with invasive pulmonary fungal diseases

LI Yong, LU Hong-zhou

2011, 6(4): 247-251.

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With the increasing incidence of invasive fungal infections in recent years,pulmonary fungal diseases have become the main cause of death in immune-deficient patients,especially acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients.Opportune diagnosis and effective treatment are essential for mortality reduction.Advances in diagnosis and treatment of invasive pulmonary fungal diseases (IPFD),including pulmonary candidiasis (PC),pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP),pulmonary penincillionsis marneffei (PPSM),pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) and pulmonary aspergillosis (PA) are summarized and reviewed.

Advances in the research of Schizophyllum commune

ZHANG Jin-fang, WAN Li, LIN Yuan-zhu

2011, 6(4): 252-256.

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Schizophyllum commune is an import opportunistic pathogen which could cause many diseases,such as onychomycosis,atypical meningitis,ulceration,lung and brain abscess,fungal ball,or sinusitis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts.Mycology and laboratory advances in recent research of Schizophyllum commune are reviewed in this article.

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