Table of Content

28 April 2011, Volume 6 Issue 2

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Study on molecular identification and typing of Trichophytonmentagrophytes complex from the representative regions in China

HU Xiao-ping, WAN Zhe, WANG Xiao-hong, LI Ruo-yu

2011, 6(2):  70-76. 

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Objective To study molecular identification and typing of Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex from the representative regions in China.Methods A total of 47 strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes(T.mentagrophytes) identified by phynotype characteristic from 8 different regions of China were re-identified by sequence analysis of the rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer regions(ITS) and the D1-D2 domain of the large-subunit rRNA gene(LSU D1-D2),and typed by PCR fingerprinting analysis of Trichophyton mentagrophytes using polymorphic subrepeat loci in the rDNA nontranscribed spacer(NTS).The relationship between type and origin of strains was studied.Results Three strains of Trichophyton tonsurans,6 strains of A.benhamiae,and 38 strains of T.interdigitale were identified.Combining PCR fingerprints from each of the three polymorphic loci produced a total of 28 individual strain profiles.No relationship was observed between profiles and the origin and location of strains.Conclusions Trichophyton interdigitale was the most common species from human beings in China.Sequence analysis of ITS combining LSU D1-D2 arehelpful for identification and the typing method using NTS is rapid,reproducible and discriminatory for fragments interpreting.PCR fingerprint analysis of variable tandem repeat loci in the T.mentagrophytes NTS is valuable for future epidemiological investigations.

Epidemiology of tinea capitis among children in China in recent years:a retrospective analysis

LI Cai-Xia, LIU Wei-Da

2011, 6(2):  77-82. 

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Objective To evaluate the epidemiology of tinea capitis among children in mainland China in recent years.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted to include literatures on tinea capitis in China published in Chinese or English language between 2000 and 2010.Results Totally 23 258 cases(male:12 745,female:10 513) summarized in 50 literatures were reported.Tinea alba was the most frequent clinical pattern(71.16% in 7 684 cases).Microsporum canis was the principle pathogen in most areas in China(67.99%),followed by Trichophyton violaceum(8.51%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes(8.14%).While in South Xinjiang,Trichophyton violaceum was the dominant pathogen(49.19%),followed by Trichophyton schoenleinii(33.90%) and Microsporum ferrugineum(12.60%).Conclusions Microsporum canishas been remaining the dominant pathogen,but anthropophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton violaceum developed to prevalent in southeastern China.Long-term surveillance is needed for prevention and control of tinea captis.

A survey of 946 cases of tinea capitis,with emphasis on possible trends in etiology and reemergence

WANG Yun-ru, ZHU Min, LI Li, ZHU Jun-hao, ZHANG Chao-ying, ZHANG Qiang-qiang

2011, 6(2):  83-86. 

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Objective To investigate the trend and distribution of the pathogens of tinea capitis in eastern China.Methods A total of 946 patients of tinea capitis diagnosed at the Mycology laboratory,Department of Dermatology of our Hospital,from January 1993 to December 2010 were retrospectively analysed.Results During an 18-year period,a total of 946 patients with tinea capitis were diagnosed,including 410 males and 536 female,from 20 days to 93 years old.Of the 784 culture-proven tinea capitis,there were 473 cases of gray patch type tinea capitis(60.3%),216 cases of black dot type tinea capitis(27.6%),94 cases of kerion(12.0%) and only one case of tinea favosa(0.1%).The most common pathogenic fungi was Microsporum canis(470,59.9%),followed by Trichophyton violaceum(154,19.6%) and Trichophyton tonsurans(81,10.3%).Many of the patients with culture-proven Anthropophilic dermatophytes(Trichophyton violaceum in 32 cases,Trichophyton tonsurans in 12 cases and Trichophyton rubrum in 8 cases)hadhistory of intimate contact with variable kinds of animals,mostly cats and dogs.The incidence of tinea capitis reached a peak in 2001 and declined thereafter,however,10 years later,another peak occurred in 2010.Conclusions The most common type of tinea capitis in eastern China is tinea blanca and the main pathogenic fungus is Microsporum canis.Many of the tinea capitis patients with culture-proven anthropophilic dermatophyteshadhistory of intimate contact with variable kinds of animals.The latter observation may imply a reverse zoonosis phenomenon.The occurrence of a new peak of incidence suggests reemergence of the tinea capitis.

Prediction and identification of new HLA-A-* 0201-restricted CD8-+ CTL epitopes from Aspergillusfumigatus antigen Asp f16

ZHAO Zuo-tao, SUN Zheng, WAN Zhe, ZHU Ping, LI Ruo-yu

2011, 6(2):  87-92. 

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Objective To predict and identify potential HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL) epitopes in Aspergillus fumigatus antigen Asp f16.Methods A total of 427aa Asp f16 amino acid sequences were scanned using HLA peptide binding prediction software on the target of HLA-A*0201.Bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells(DC) and peptide specific CTLs were prepared in HLA A*0201 transgenic mice.Expressions of MHC class II antigen,CD80,CD86,and CD11c were analyzed by flow cytometry.IFN-γ produced by Asp f16 peptides specific CTLs was detected by ELISPOT assay.Tetramer assays were performed to investigate the affinity of the CD8+ CTLs to the Asp f16 peptides complexed HLA-A*0201.Results Three potential HLA-A*0201 binding 9-mer peptides were selected based on their estimated dissociationhalf-life from MHC class I molecular.DCshighly expressed MHC class II antigen,CD80,CD86 and CD11c.Strong affinity of the TCR to the peptide/MHC complex was demonstrated by tetramer staining.Asp f16 peptides specific CD8+ CTL actively produced IFN-γ after exposure to peptide-loaded DCs.Conclusions Three HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8+ CTL epitopes of Asp f16 successfully identified might be candidates for anti Apergillus fumigatus vaccine designing.

Development and architecture characteristics of Aspergillus biofilm

LI Li-juan, CHEN Wei, XU Hui, WAN Zhe, LI Ruo-yu, LIU Wei

2011, 6(2):  93-97. 

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Objective To investigate the development and architecture characteristics of Aspergillus biofilm.Methods In vitro biofilms of Aspergillus fumigatus(AF293),Aspergillus flavus(BMU03940),Aspergillus terreus(BMU00802) and Aspergillus niger(BMU04689) formed on the surface of sterile plastic cell culture coverslips in 24-well tissue culture plates by adding 200 μL of 1×105 spores/mL cell suspension to each well.After incubation at 37℃ for various time periods(2,4,8,10,12,16,18,24,48 and 72h),the biofilms were stained with FUN-1 in dark for 45 minites.The forming process and vitality were examined under confocal microscope by 488 or combination with 633 argon ion laser stimulation.Calcofluor White stain was applied to observe cytoplasm production with 405 argon ion laser triggering.Results A.fumigatus conidial adhesion occurred at 4h and conidia began to swell and germinate at 8h.Hyphae intertwined and amonolayer formed at 10 to 12h,followed by network structure forming at 16 to 20h.Then the complex three-dimensional architecture with extracellular matrix aroundhyphae was set up at 24h,with gradual matureation at 48 to 72h.Similar to A.fumigatus,the biofilms of A.flavus,A.terreus and A.nigerhad distinct developmental phases including adhesion,germination,filamentation,monolayer development,proliferation and maturation.Conclusions A.fumigatus,A.flavus,A.terreus and A.niger are able to form typical biofilm with distinct developmental phases and architecture characteristics.

Inhibition of eight Chineseherbal components on M.globosa in vitro

HUANG Xin, SHEN Liang-liang, XU Hong, WEN Hai

2011, 6(2):  98-100. 

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Objective To observe the in vitro inhibitive effect of eight kind of Chineseherbal components on ATCC standard strains of M.globosa.Methods The sensitivities of Chineseherbal components to M.globosa were determined on the basis of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A microdilution method.Results The MICs of Matrine,Oxymatrine,thymol and Eugenol were less than 0.98 to 1.96 μg/mL.Conclusions Matrine,Oxymatrine,thymol and Eugenolhave inhibitive effects on Malassezia in vitro and the susceptibilities could be determined by CLSI M27-A scheme.

Labial deep fungal infection caused by Candida tropicalis:one case report

QI Xian-long, GUO Yan-yang, LIU Bin

2011, 6(2):  107-108. 

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To report a case of labial deep fungal infection caused by Candida tropicalis.A 22-year-old womanhas been suffered from red plaque on the lower lip for 1 year.The pathogen was identified as Candida tropicalis by pathology and culture.The patient was cured after 1-month itraconazole treatment(200 mg/d,orally).

A case report of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis with acanthosis nigricans:easillyconfused with pityriasis versicolor

WEN Jing-hua, LI Bo-xun, HUANG Xiao-ping

2011, 6(2):  109-111. 

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Confluent and reticulate papillomatosis(CRP) with unknown etiology is uncommonlyhappened and easilly misdiagnosed.CRP occurs predominantly in young adults and teenagers with brown scaling patches and plaques affected the upper trunk and axillae.A case of malignant confluent and reticulated papillomatosis with acanthosis nigricans is reported.The patienthad typical clinical manifestations andhistopathologic changes.Oral and topical administration of isotretinoin showed therapeutic efficiency.