Chinese Journal of Mycology

Morphology and molecular biological identification of Trichophyton mentagrophytes

CHEN Bo-rui, SUN Yi, HU Xiao-ping, WAN Zhe, LI Ruo-yu

2010, 5(6): 321-326.

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Objective To reclassify 36 strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes from patients and 5 strains from foxes by the new classification system,and to evaluate if the traditional methods satisfy the clinical identification.Methods Trichophyton mentagrophytes were cultured on SDA,1% peptone agar and BCP-MSG.The morphology was observed and urease test and hair perforation test were performed.Then the new identification was reclassified by ITS and LSU sequence analysis.Results ①Morphology and physiology of 41 tested strains met the characteristics of Trichophyton mentagrophytes (38 strains) and Trichophyton rubrum (3 strains).②ITS sequence analysis identified the species of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum but LSU sequence analysis only identified the telemorph of Trichophyton mentagrophytes (36/38).Conclusions Traditional identification methods are still effective and reliable.Trichophyton mentagrophytes from patients are identified as Trichophyton interdigitale (38/38),but strains from foxes belong to Arthroderma benhamiae,not to Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii by LSU sequence analysis,which is more useful than ITS sequence analysis.

Morphology and sequence DNA analysis of Schizophyllum commune

WAN Li, REN Qiang-qiang, WANG Qi-ming, LIN Ynan-zhu, BAI Feng-yan

2010, 5(6): 327-331.

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Objective To observe morphological characteristics of Schizophyllum commune on five kind of culture media.Methods Schizophyllum commune was cultured on Sabouraud’s Agar (SDA),Malt Extract Agar (MEA),Patato Glucose Agar (PDA),Corn Meal Agar (CMA) and Czapek’s Agar (CZA) respectively at 37℃ and 27℃ for two weeks.Scanning electron microscopy and DNA sequence analysis were performed after one-week culture.Results White and woolly colonies growed better on SDA,MEA and PDA with positive result of urease test and regative result of cycloheximide tolerance test.Septatus mycelium with branches were found under light microscope,and branched hyphae with clamp connections,short and curved lateral pegs and waterdrop-shape excretion were detected under scanning electron microscope.Schizophyllum commune was identified by sequence analysis of 26S rDNA D1/D2.Conclusions Schizophyllum commune had an unique colonial morphology of hyphomycete with characteristic clamp connections,short lateral spicules and waterdrop-like excretion.

Phagocytosis of Penicillium marneffei in yeast phase by macrophages of mice

FENG Pei-ying, HUANG Huai-qiu, ZHANG Jing, ZHANG Xiao-hui, SUN Jiu-feng, XIE Zhi, LU Sha, LU Chang-ming, XI Li-yan

2010, 5(6): 332-335.

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Obejective To study the effect of peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice on phagocytosis of Penicillium marneffei in yeast phase.Methods Yeast-phase P.marneffei and peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice were cultured both in vitro and in vivo.The number of colony forming unit (CFU) was counted at 60 min,120 min,240 min and 360 min respectively.The difference of the CFU numbers between the in vitro and in vivo groups was then analyzed.Calcofluor white stain was applied to observe the morphology of yeast cells.Results CFU numbers in four time points in each group differed significantly (P<0.05),while the difference of CFU numbers between the in vitro and in vivo groups showed no significance (P>0.05).P.marneffei in yeast phase showed light blue by calcofluor white stain under fluorescence microscope.Conclusions No obvious destroy or lysis exists in P.marneffei when co-cultured with macrophages.Calcofluor white stain is preferred for identification of macrophage and yeast cells.

Effect of STE12α-gene on the morphology of Cryptococcus neoformans

JIA Yi-Peng, ZHU Hong-Mei, ZHAO Jin, WEN Hai

2010, 5(6): 336-339.

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Objective To explore the effect of STE12α-gene on the morphology of Cryptococcus neoformans.Method The STE12α-gene was disrupted from Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A and serotype B to set up deficient strain.Then the gene was reconstituted into the allele locus of deficient strain.Morphological differences were studied in vitro and in vivo.Results Ste12α mutant strain exhibited an obvious defect in colony quantity,colony diameter and capsular size but recovered by reconstitution.Conclusion STE12α-gene play an important role in the morphology and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans.

CD44 expression in murine model of cryptococcal meningitis

ZHANG Jun-yong, FAN Yi-bin, XU Hong, ZHAO Jin, QIU Yun, WEN Hai

2010, 5(6): 340-343.

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Objective To determine the CD44 expression in the brain of mice with cryptococcal meningitis and to explore its role in pathogenesis of cryptococcal meningitis.Methods CD44 expression in immunocompromised mice with or without cryptococcal meningitis were determined at 6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h,4 d,7 d by immunohistochemistry.Results CD44 distributed uniformly in the brain cell membrane in the control group.The expression increased in the meningeal side,while decreased significantly in the parenchyma side after 48 h and 72 h in the experimental group.This unbalanced distribution of CD44 expression was also observed around lesions.Conclusions Cryptococcus neoformans could induce CD44 migration in the brain.The incidence of cryptococcal meningitis has effects on CD44 molecules.

Clinical analysis of 293 cases of children superficial mycosis in Wuxi region

SUN Hui, YANG Li-jia, ZHANG Hai-ping, YIN Xing-ping

2010, 5(6): 344-346.

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Objective To study the prevalence and pathogenic fungi of children superficial mycosis in Wuxi region.Methods Direct microscopy and culture on glucose peptone agar with amphemycin (amphemycin and actinone) were performed and identification was made by morphology.Results Two hundred and forty five in 293 cases (83.6%) showed positive results in direct microscopic examination,including 79 cases of dermatocandidiasis (32.2%),50 cases of tinea pedis (20.4%) and 46 cases of tinea capitis (18.8%).Others involved tinea corporis,onychomycosis,tinea manum,tinea cruris,and pityriasis versicolor which were 29 cases (11.8%),13 cases (5.3%),11 cases (4.5%),10 cases (4.1%) and 7 cases (2.9%) respectively.The incidence was related to the ages of the children.Pityriasis versicolor had the highest incidence in children younger than 2 years old,while oidiomycosis cutis in children younger than 3-year old,tinea capitis between 4 and 8 years old,tinea corporis,tinea cruris and tinea of feet and hands between 9 and 15 years old.Except for 7 cases of pityriasis versicolor,145 strains of pathogenic fungi were cultured successfully from 238 specimen with positive results under microscope (60.9%),among which incidence of cutaneous candida,tinea cruris,tinea corporis,onychomycosis,tinea capitis,ringworm of feet and tinea manus were 70.9%,70%,51.7%,53.8%,65.2%,50% and 45.5% respectively.In all 145 isolates,there were 63 strains (43.45%) of Candida,43 strains (29.7%) of Trichophyton rubrum,26 strains (17.93%) of Microsporum Canis,4 strains (2.76%) of Trichophyton mentagrophytes,3 strains (2.07%) of Trichophyton rubrum Purple,3 strains (2.07%) of Gypsum microspore bacteria,2 strains (1.38%) of Off hairy dermatophytes and 1 strain (0.69%) of Epidermophyton floccosum.Conclusions The study provided the basis for prevention and cure of superficial mycosis of children in Wuxi region.

Candida in onychomycosis:strain indentification drug sensitivity analysis and relationship to genotype

CAO Yan-yun, XU Shun-ming

2010, 5(6): 347-350,354.

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Objective To study strain classification and drug sensitivity of Candida in onychomycosis,and to clusteringly analysize the genotypes of C.albican and C.parapsilosis which are differently sensitive to miconazole.Methods Drug sensitivity of Candida were examined with ROSCO antifungal paper.Genotype analysis of C.albican and C.parapsilosis sensitive,medisensitive or resistant to miconazole was performed by ERIC-PCR.Results Drug sensitivity rates of C.albican and C.parapsilosis were 42% and 32% respectively.No specific DNA profiles of C.albican and C.parapsilosis were identified.Conclusions ERIC-PCR method could be applied in genotype analysis for different strains of Candida.Genotype of Candida has no relationship with resistance to miconazole.

Analysis on antifungal susceptibility of oral Candida species from drug abusers

YUAN You-hua, BAI Li, WU You-cong, LIU Qi

2010, 5(6): 351-354.

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Objective To study the antifungal susceptibility of oral Candida from drug abusers and to provide references for clinical treatment of candidosis.Methods Susceptibilities to four common antifungal drugs (fluconazole,ketoconazole,5-flurocytosine and amphotericine B) were determined in 75 isolates of oral Candida by broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility test recommended by CLSI.Results The resistant rates of 75 isolates of oral Candida from drug abusers to Amb,5-FC,FCZ,and KETO were 0%, 4%, 8%, and 13.3%, respectively (P<0.01).The crosswise resistant rates of these strains to FCZ and KETO were 8%.The resistant rate and crosswise resistant rate of non-Candida albicans to FCZ and KETO were higher than those of Candida albicans (P<0.05).Conclusions Oral Candida species from drug abusers are resistant to FCZ,KETO and 5-FC in nature,but crosswisely resistant to FCZ and KETO.The resistant and crosswise resistant rates of non-Candida albicans to FCZ and KETO are higher than those of Candida albicans.

Leg Fusarium infection cured by voriconazole combined with surgery:one case report

SONG Hong-juan, GUO Shu-ping, WANG Sheng, QIAO Jun-min

2010, 5(6): 360-363.

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Objective To explore the clinical and laboratory features of leg ulcer caused by Fusarium moniliforme.Methods Characteristics of Fusarium moniliforme was observed by microscopy and fungal culture.Pathological examination was performed for diagnosis.Results White and cottony mould colony grew on PDA agar at 25℃ with sickle-like macroconidia,concatenate and capitulum-like microconidium under microscope and scanning electron microscope.The fungi was identified as F.moniliforme with the ability growing at 25℃ and 37℃ on Sabrous agar.Chroic granuloma was found,but no fungal components were observed by PAS or silver staining.The lesions were cured after voriconazole and terbinafine treatment combined with debridement and skingrafting.Conclusions A case of leg ulcer caused by Fusarium moniliforme was diagnosed and cured by combination therapy of voriconazole with surgery.

Adult kerion due to Trichophyton Mentagrophytes: a case report

QI Xian-long, GUO Yan-yang, LIU Bing, GAO Tian-wen

2010, 5(6): 364-365.

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To report a case of adult kerion due to Trichophyton Mentagrophytes.A 46-year old woman was suffered from erythema and papula aroud her left eyebrow.The pathogenic strain was identified as Trichophyton Mentagrophytes.The lesion was cured after 1-month oral terbinafine (250mg/d) and external application of sertaconazole nitrate.

How to Write a Medical Research Paper for an International Journal

Glenn S. Bulmer, Robert A. Fromtling

2010, 5(6): 370-375.

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