Table of Content

28 June 2010, Volume 5 Issue 3

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In vitro activity of allicin against Candida albicans biofilms

WANG Huan-li, ZHANG Xi-bao, CHEN Xing-ping

2010, 5(3):  129-132,147. 

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Objective To investigate thein vitroeffects of allicin onCandida albicansbiofilms.Methods MTT assay was performed to determine the effects of allicin on Candida albicans biofilms formation and cells adhesion.Serum germ tube counting was used to evaluate the effects of allicin on germ tube formation of Candida albicans.Results The inhibition rate of allicin against Candida albicans biofilms formation was (23.0±1.1)% by 4 μg/mL and (95.6±0.3)% by 64 μg/mL.Allicin was active against different stages of biofilms,with (88.5±0.5)% 、(63.3±0.8)% and (52.3±1.1)% inhibition rate when 32 μg/mL allicin was added at 0 h、12 h and 48 h during the incubation period,respectively.Allicins from 4 μg/mL to 32 μg/mL showed distinct inhibitive effects on adhesion to Candida albicans cultured for 30 mins、60 mins、90 mins and 120 mins (P < 0.05).The rate of germ tube formation was (91.2±16)% in the absence of allicin,whereas (2.2±1.2)% in 64 μg/mL allicin group.Conclusions Allicin was demonstrated to had potent activity against Candida albicans biofilms in vitro.

Experimental study on the gene expression of MCP-1 and MIP-2 in chromomycosis in mice

CHAI Bao, XIONG Ying

2010, 5(3):  133-136. 

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Objective To detect the gene expression of chemokines in mice model of skin chromomycosis and explore their roles in protective mechanism of the host.Methods Active or inactive C.carrion suspension (1 × 10⁸ cfu/mL,0.025mL) was inoculated subcutaneously in the feet pads of healthy or immunosuppressive mice,respectively.mRNAs of MCP-1 and MIP-2 in the leision were examined by a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR),and protein levels of MCP-1 and MIP-2 in the lesion tissue were examined by ELISA on day 7,30 and 60 after inoculation.Results Expression of MCP-1 and MIP-2 in healthy mice inoculated with active C.carrion on day 7 was higher than that on other days or that in other groups on day 7.But there were no significant differences on day 30 or day 60.Conclusions Both MCP-1 and MIP-2 possiblely participated in the pathogenesis of chromomycosis model due to C.carrion.

A rapid DNA extraction method for molecular identification of pathogenic fungi

LU Qiao-yun, YU Jin, LIU Wei, YANG Jian-xun, MA Lei, LI Ruo-yu

2010, 5(3):  137-140. 

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Objective To develop and evaluate a rapid DNA extraction method using Whatman FTA cards,in molecular identification of fungi.Methods DNA was extracted from 45 isolates encompassing 25 species and 6 clinical samples by whatman FTA cards.Then PCR amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS₁) were conducted.Serial diluted suspension of conidia was prepared to determine the detection limit and security of this method.Results A clear DNA amplified fragment was obtained and successfully sequenced in all 45 isolates from clinical samples.The detection limit was approximately 10³ cell/ mL cembined with touchdown PCR.Suspension with less than 10⁴ cell/mL conidia could be thoroughly inactivated by FTA cards.Conclusions Whatman FTA technology thus represents an ultra-rapid method of fungal genomic DNA preparation for molecular identification from both cultures and clinical samples,and also potentially represents a powerful fungal DNA archiving and storage system.

Combined caspofungin and TMP-SMX treatment for PCP in AIDS patients

JIANG Xue-yan, ZHANG Ren-fang, ZHENG Yu-fang, LIU Li, SHEN Yin-zhong, LU Hong-zhou

2010, 5(3):  141-143. 

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Objective To observe the efficacy of caspofungin combined with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) in the treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in AIDS patients.Methods Clinical feature,diagnosis and treatment procedure of nine PCP with AIDS patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results All of nine patients clinically diagnosed as PCP were administered with caspofungin and TMP-SMX.Eight patients acquired satisfied effects except one old with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease died.Conclusions Combined therapy of caspofungin and TMP-SMX has good efficacy for the treatment of PCP in AIDS patients.

Efficacy and safety of domestic amphotericin B in preemptive therapy of pulmonary invasive fungal infection in hematological disorder patients

CHAI Jun-yue, WEI Na, CUI Ting-ting, XU Lan-ping, HUANG Xiao-jun

2010, 5(3):  144-147. 

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Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions of domestic amphotericin B in the treatment of invasive fungal infection (IFI) in hematological disorder patients.Methods A total of 45 cases of immunodepressive IFI patients receive domestic amphotericin B treatment from December 2004 to December 2008 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Result All the cases patients received amphotericin B therapy for more than 2 weeks,in which the longest was 14 weeks,with 6 weeks as median.The total effective rate was 86.7%.Adverse reaction included hypokalemia,fever,aminotransferase,kidney failure,and gastrointestinal reactions.Conclusions Domestic amphotericin B is affirmed in the preemptive therapy for IFI in hematological patients with tolerable adverse reactions.

Historical and geography studies on deep mycosis in China since 1950 to 2007

JIANG Hong-hao, ZHANG Hong, SHE Guo-rong, ZHANG Jing-wen, ZHANG Ding

2010, 5(3):  148-153. 

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Objective To explore the historical and geography rule of deep mycosis during1950 to2007,and to provide theoretical evidence for better prevention and treatment.Methods All the literature of deep mycosis reported from 1950 to 2007 with 1980 as the intermediate year in China were reviewed.Eight geographical regions of China were set as the dividing line,while age,disease categories and related factors as the variable.All of the 15 778 cases of deep mycosis were analyzed by the SPSS 13.0.Results The incidence of deep mycosis in China increased yearly and changed gradually from centralized to decentralized in geographical distribution.The most often reported area is the Yangtze River region,followed by the Central Plains region and the Lingnan region.Highrisk population,categories,and factors related to deep mycosis in China differed in history and geography.In 1950-2007,the incidence in the young and middle-aged was high,but declined instead by those in children and the old after 1980.The categories of the disense increased significantly after 1980,of which candidasis was the most common and widespread,while rhinosporosis,copulariopsosis were still confined to restrictive local regions.Injury was the main related factor to deep mycosis before 1980,replaced by sexual contact,abuse of antibiotics,chronic diseases,and more other factors after wards.Conclusions The incidence of deep mycosis in China increases yearly in the regions with humid climate,prosperous economy and densely population,such as the Yangtze River and the Central Plains region.Combined analysis of the historical and geography characteristics is important for prevention and treatment.

Fifteen cases of human dermatophytoses transmitted from animals

HU Su-quan, WANG Miao-miao, SHEN Yong-nian, CHEN Wei, Lü Gui-xia, LIU Wei-da

2010, 5(3):  154-157. 

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Objective To investigate the patients with dermatophytosis transmitted from pets in the same family,and to explore the common pathogenic fungi and effective treatment.Methods Patients with tinea corporis in our hospital from March 2005 to January 2009 were recruited,and the fungi in their pets were investigated.Terbinafine cream or bifonazole gel was administered while oral itraconazole was given to those who were not cured.Results A total of 15 patients were recruited,including 8 Microsporum gypseum,4 Trichophyton mentagrophyt and 3 Microsporum canis as pathogenic fungi identified by culture.All the patients and their pets shared the same pathogen who were cured by antifungal treatment,except 3 pets were discarded.Conclusions Microsporum gypseum is the most common pathogen in these cases,followed by Trichophyton mentagrophyte and Microsporum canis.Topical treatment of terbinafine cream or bifonazole gel and oral itraconazole are effective to the pet-transmitted dermatophytosis.

Clinical analysis of 36 cases of AIDS with penicilliosis marneffei

ZHAO Jian-rong, FAN Yi-shan, DONG Ting-rong, WANG Shu

2010, 5(3):  158-161. 

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Objective To investigate the clinical manifestation,treatment and prognosis of AIDS with penicilliosis marneffei.Methods Thirty-six cases of AIDS with penicilliosis marneffei treated in our hospital between August 2008 to August 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The average age of 36 patients of AIDS with penicilliosis marneffei was 35.8.Clinical manifestations of Penicillium marneffei infection were non-specific,including fever (86.11%),anemia (94.44%),GGT increasing (69.44%), AST increasing (63.89%),generalized lymphadenopathy (88.89%),splenomegaly (63.89%),hypoproteinemia (83.33%), cough (36.11%),cutaneous manifestations (30.56%) (typical changes,13.89%),CD₄⁺< 50 cells/mm³(88.89%).Bone marrow aspirates culture (27 /27) and skin lesions biopsy specimen culture was 100% positive,while blood culture rate was 69.44% (25/36).Thirty-six patients received antifungal therapy,of which 29 patients were treated by HAART therapy with 28 cases cured, 7 cases improved,1 dead with MOF.Conclusions Penicillium marneffei is a common opportunistic pathogen of AIDS.Early detection,early treatment and long-range-sensitive antifungal combination therapy may helpful for cure rate improvement and recurrence reduction.

Clinical analysis of eight cases of Penicillium marneffi infection

ZHAI Zhi-fang, WANG Li, ZHOU Cun-jian, XU Yan, YANG Xi-chuan, ZHONG Bai-yu, YAN Heng

2010, 5(3):  162-164,169. 

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Objective To analyze the clinical and laboratory features of penicilliosis marneffei (PSM).Methods Clinical and laboratory features of eight patients with PSM from our department during 2003-2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Results ① Penicillium marneffei infections commonly occurred in HIV-infected patients or AIDS patients.②The skin lesions including red-dish papulovesicles,necrotizing papules,molluscum contagiosum-like papules,ulcers and blood scab and systemic symptoms might appear simultaneously or successively.③Multiple organs could be involved.④ Penicillium marneffei showed yeast-phase at 37℃, but mycelial phase at 25℃.Typical " mulberry-like" changes were observed histopathologically.Conclusions PSM often occurs in the HIV-infected patients or other immunosuppressive patients.It characteristics of mycology and histopathology is key for diagnosis.

One case of subcutaneous infection with Sporothrix schenckii

YUAN Ying, ZHAO Ying, Mayinuer, XU Ying-chun, WANG Peng

2010, 5(3):  172-174. 

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A 16-year-old girl with subcutaneous sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii was successfully treated with oral itraconazole.Laboratory detection Methods of Sporothrix schenckii were reviewed for diagnosis improvement of Sporotrichosis.