Abstract: This paper reports a case of pulmonary Rhizopus microsporus infection after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation treated by transbronchoscopic local instillation of amphotericin B combined with argon knife technique. The patient was diagnosed with hepatitis-associated severe aplastic anaemia and presented with high fever, cough, sputum and shortness of breath after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Imaging showed infectious lesions and partial solidity in both lungs with bilateral pleural effusion and partial swelling of both lower lungs. The pathology and second-generation gene sequencing confirmed the infection as Rhizopus microsporus, which was successfully cured by bronchoscopic treatment with a total of 16 precise instillations of amphotericin B in the right main bronchus and right lower basal segment.

Key words: Rhizopus, bronchoscopic, argon knife, amphotericin B