Effects of NETs on Trichophyton verrucosum infection

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective A large number of neutrophils were found in the local lesions of patient with tinea barbae caused by Trichophyton verrucosum (T. verrucosum). Previous literatures reported that neutrophils participate in antifungal immunity through the formation of extracellular traps (NETs), but it was unclear whether T. verrucosum could induce NETs formation and whether NETs were involved in anti-T. verrucosum, so we explored whether neutrophils participate in the killing of T. verrucosum by forming NETs. Methods The patient's clinical data was collected. T. verrucosum was isolated and identified from patient's tissues. NETs in the tissues of patients and T. verrucosum-infected mice were observed by immunofluorescence. T. verrucosum was used to stimulate peripheral neutrophils in normal subjects, immunofluorescence was used to detect the formation of NETs. NETs were incubated with T. verrucosum, and then T. verrucosum DNA was extracted, Real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantitatively detect the killing effect of NETs on T. verrucosum. Results NETs formation could be seen in the tissues of T. verrucosum infected patients and mice. T. verrucosum co-incubation with neutrophils showed NETs formation. The survival rate of T. verrucosum after incubation with NETs was lower than that of the control group (P<0.01). Conclusions T. verrucosum can induce neutrophils to produce NETs, and NETs have a significant killing effect on T. verrucosum.

Key words: NETs, T. verrucosum, antifungal effects

CLC Number:

R379.2

ZHANG Xiu-jun, GUO Yan-yang, ZHU Zhen-lai, XUE Xiao-wen, MA Cui-ling, WANG Gang, FU Meng. Effects of NETs on Trichophyton verrucosum infection[J]. Chinese Journal of Mycology, 2019, 14(6): 326-331.

References

[1] 崔蕊, 方玲, 谢风. 中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网研究最新进展[J]. 中国实验诊断学, 2018,22(1):178-180.
[2] Delgado-Rizo V, Martínez-Guzmán MA, Iñiguez-Gutierrez L, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps and its implications in inflammation:an overview[J]. Frontiers in immunology, 2017,8:81.
[3] Brinkmann V, Reichard U, Goosmann C, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria[J]. Science, 2004,303(5663):1532-1535.
[4] Zhang X, Zhao S, Sun L, et al. Different virulence of Candida albicans is attributed to the ability of escape from neutrophil extracellular traps by secretion of DNase[J]. Am J Transl Res, 2017,9(1):50-62.
[5] Bruns S, Kniemeyer O, Hasenberg M, et al. Production of extracellular traps against Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro and in infected lung tissue is dependent on invading neutrophils and influenced by hydrophobin RodA[J]. PLoS Pathog, 2010,6(4):e1000873.
[6] Burmester A, Shelest E, Glöckner G, et al. Comparative and functional genomics provide insights into the pathogenicity of dermatophytic fungi[J]. Genome biology, 2011,12(1):R7.
[7] Wollina U, Hansel G, Uhrlass S, et al. Deep facial mycosis due to Trichophyton verrucosum-molecular genetic identification of the dermatophyte in paraffin-embedded tissue-case report and review of the literature[J]. Mycoses, 2018,61(3):152-158.
[8] O'Gorman SM, Britton D, Collins P. An uncommon dermatophyte infection:two cases of cutaneous infection with Trichophyton verrucosum[J]. Clin Exp Dermatol, 2015,40(4):395-398.
[9] Shao S, Fang H, Dang E, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote inflammatory responses in psoriasis via activating epidermal TLR4/IL-36R crosstalk[J]. Frontiers in Immunology, 2019,10:746.
[10] 郑艳青, 史娜娜, 曹存巍. 实时荧光定量PCR检测马尔尼菲篮状菌病组织样本中菌载量的研究[J]. 中国真菌学杂志, 2018,13(2):71-74.
[11] Urban CF, Nett JE. Neutrophil extracellular traps in fungal infection[J]. Semin Cell Dev Biol, 2019,89(5):47-57.
[12] Park H J, Wang W, Curlango-Rivera G, et al. A DNase from a fungal phytopathogen is a virulence factor likely deployed as counter defense against host-secreted extracellular DNA[J]. MBio, 2019,10(2):e02805-e02818.
[13] Sørensen OE, Borregaard N. Neutrophil extracellular traps-the dark side of neutrophils[J]. J Clin Invest, 2016,126(5):1612-1620.