Abstract: As the first Chinese book introducing modern Western botany, the Zhiwu Xue written by Li Shanlan of the late Qing dynasty contains a small amount of mycological knowledge that enlightened the development of modern Chinese mycology. Based on the analysis of this part, it is found that fungi are taken as a group of plants, which is called "Xun Lei" and belong to "Tong Zhang Lei" (lower plants). However, compared with the creative translations of botanical terms, the mycological terms in the Zhiwu Xue were translated randomly, and there are mistakes in the relevant text. This book mentions the notions of the modern Chinese mycological terms, such as "Zhenjun", "Baozi" and "Zinang", but doesn't invent the corresponding Chinese terms. The reasons for this situation are closely related to the inferior status of mycology (mycology was undeveloped, and the proportion of mycological knowledge in botany books was small) then in addition to the problems of the translators and times.

Key words: Late Qing Dynasty, botany, fungi, fungals