Advances in the matrix of Candida albicans biofilms

Abstract

Abstract: Recently, more and more attention was being paid to resistance of Candida albicans to antifungal drugs. One of the resistance mechanisms was attributed to biofilm formation. The biofilms strongly attached to biologic or nonbiologic substrata were mainly made up of communities of microorganisms enclosed within a self-produced extracellular matrix. Consisting of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, etc. the matrix is not only involved in biofilm structure formation but also closely related to the resistance to therapeutic agents. This review focused on recent information about chemical compositions and properties, functions, influencing factors, gene regulation, and drug treatment of biofilm matrix, and discussed its potential applications as diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.

Key words: Candida albicans, biofilms, matrix, resistance

CLC Number:

R 379.4

WANG Chang-zhong, SHAO Jing, WANG Tian-ming, CHENG Hui-juan. Advances in the matrix of Candida albicans biofilms[J]. Chinese Journal of Mycology, 2012, 7(3): 178-183.

References

[1] Bassetti M, Righi E, Costa A, et al. Epidemiological trends in nosocomial candidemia in intensive care[J]. BMC Infect Dis, 2006, 6(1):21.
[2] Nobile CJ, Andes DR, Nett JE, et al. Critical role of Bcr1-dependent adhesins in C.albicans biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo[J]. PLoS Pathog,2006,2(7):e63.
[3] Al-Fattani MA, Douglas LJ. Biofilm matrix of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis:chemical composition and role in drug resistance[J]. J Med Microbiol,2006,55(Pt 8):999-1008.
[4] Davies D. Understanding biofilm resistance to antibacterial agents [J]. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2003, 2(2): 114-122.
[5] Flemming HC, Wingender J. The biofilm matrix[J]. Nat Rev Microbiol,2010,8(9): 623-633.
[6] Lal P, Sharma D, Pruthi P, et al. Exopolysaccharide analysis of biofilm-forming Candida albicans[J]. J Appl Microbiol,2010,109(1):128-136.
[7] Thomas DP, Bachmann SP, Lopez-Ribot JL. Proteomics for the analysis of the Candida albicans biofilm lifestyle[J]. Proteomics,2006,6(21):5795-5804.
[8] Martins M, Uppuluri P, Thomas DP, et al. Presence of extracellular DNA in the Candida albicans biofilm matrix and its contribution to biofilms[J]. Mycopathologia, 2010,169(5):323-331.
[9] Conrad A,Kontro M,Minna M,et al. Fatty acids of lipid fractions in extracellular polymeric substances of activated sludge flocs[J]. Lipids, 2003, 38(10):1093-1105.
[10] Nett J, Lincoln L, Marchillo K, et al. Putative role of beta-1,3 glucans in Candida albicans biofilm resistance[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2007,51(2):510-520.
[11] Hawser SP, Baillie GS, Douglas LJ. Production of extracellular matrix by Candida albicans biofilms[J]. J Med Microbiol,1998,47(3):253-256.
[12] Harriott MM, Lilly EA, Rodriguez TE, et al.Candida albicans forms biofilms on the vaginal mucosa[J]. Microbiology, 2010,156(Pt 12):3635-3644.
[13] Nobile CJ, Nett JE, Hernday AD, et al. Biofilm matrix regulation by Candida albicans Zap1[J]. PLoS Biol,2009,7(6):e1000133.
[14] Nett JE, Sanchez H, Cain MT, et al. Genetic basis of Candida biofilm resistance due to drug-sequestering matrix glucan[J]. J Infect Dis,2010,202(1):171-175.
[15] Nett JE, Lincoln L, Marchillo K, et al. Beta -1,3 glucan as a test for central venous catheter biofilm infection[J]. J Infect Dis,2007,195(11):1705-1712.
[16] Nett JE, Crawford K, Marchillo K, et al. Role of Fks1p and matrix glucan in Candida albicans biofilm resistance to an echinocandin, pyrimidine, and polyene[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2010,54(8):3505-3508.
[17] Nett JE, Sanchez H, Cain MT, et al. Interface of Candida albicans biofilm matrix-associated drug resistance and cell wall integrity regulation[J]. Eukaryot Cell,2011,10(12):1660-1669.
[18] Robbins N, Uppuluri P, Nett J, et al. Hsp90 governs dispersion and drug resistance of fungal biofilms[J]. PLoS Pathog,2011,7(9):e1002257.
[19] Soustre J, Rodier MH, Imbert-Bouyer S, et al. Caspofungin modulates in vitro adherence of Candida albicans to plastic coated with extracellular matrix proteins[J]. J Antimicrob Chemother,2004,53(3):522-525.
[20] Cateau E, Levasseur P, Borgonovi M, et al. The effect of aminocandin (HMR 3270) on the in vitro adherence of Candida albicans to polystyrene surfaces coated with extracellular matrix proteins or fibronectin[J]. Clin Microbiol Infect,2007,13(3):311-315.
[21] Seidler M, Salvenmoser S, M黮ler FM. Liposomal amphotericin B eradicates Candida albicans biofilm in a continuous catheter flow model[J]. FEMS Yeast Res,2010,10(4): 492-495.
[22] Pierce CG, Thomas DP, L髉ez-Ribot JL. Effect of tunicamycin on Candida albicans biofilm formation and maintenance[J]. J Antimicrob Chemother,2009,63(3):473-479.
[23] Martins M, Henriques M, Lopez-Ribot JL,et al. Addition of DNase improves the in vitro activity of antifungal drugs against Candida albicans biofilms[J]. Mycoses,2012,55(1):80-85.
[24] Rossignol T, Kelly B, Dobson C, et al. Endocytosis-mediated vacuolar accumulation of the human ApoE apolipoprotein-derived ApoEdpL-W antimicrobial peptide contributes to its antifungal activity in Candida albicans[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011,55(10):4670-4681.
[25] Bendaoud M, Vinogradov E, Balashova NV, et al. Broad-spectrum biofilm inhibition by Kingella kingae exopolysaccharide[J]. J Bacteriol,2011,193(15):3879-3886.