常见深部机会致病性真菌分子流行病学研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由于抗生素的滥用和免疫缺陷宿主增多等因素,导致一些机会致病性真菌的感染逐年上升,并表现出高致病性、高死率的特点。分子流行病学通过基因分型的方法,结合患者的感染特点及流行病学资料等进行综合分析,从而从分子水平阐明疾病的流行传播情况,对疾病的预防和治疗具有重要的意义。该文试对三种临床常见深部机会致病性真菌 (白念珠菌、烟曲霉、隐球菌)的分子流行病学研究进展进行概述。

关键词: 白念珠菌, 烟曲霉, 隐球菌, 分子流行病学

Abstract: With the abuse of antibiotics and the increasing number of immuno-compromised patients, the infection rate of the deep opportunistic pathogenic fungi is rising year by year, with high morbidity and fatality rate. By the method of genotyping, molecular epidemiology combines infective characteristics and epidemiological date of patients to analyze, which is of great significance for the prevention and cure of diseases. Progress in molecular epidemiology of three common deep opportunistic pathogenic fungi (Candida albicans,Aspergillus fumigates,Cryptococcus) were reviewed in this article.

Key words: Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigates, Cryptococcus, molecular epidemiology

中图分类号:

R379

吴可菲, 朱敏. 常见深部机会致病性真菌分子流行病学研究进展[J]. 中国真菌学杂志, 2013, 8(4): 246-251.

WU Ke-fei, ZHU Min. Progress in molecular epidemiology of common deep opportunistic pathogenic fungi[J]. Chinese Journal of Mycology, 2013, 8(4): 246-251.

参考文献

[1] Pittet D, Li N, Woolson R F, et al. Microbiological factors influencing the outcome of nosocomial bloodstream infections: a 6-year validated, population-based model[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 1997,24(6):1068-1078.
[2] Gudlaugsson O, Gillespie S, Lee K, et al. Attributable mortality of nosocomial candidemia, revisited[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2003,37(9):1172-1177.
[3] Hajjeh R A, Sofair A N, Harrison L H, et al. Incidence of bloodstream infections due to Candida species and in vitro susceptibilities of isolates collected from 1998 to 2000 in a population-based active surveillance program[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2004,42(4):1519-1527.
[4] Wisplinghoff H, Bischoff T, Tallent S M, et al. Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals:analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2004,39(3):309-317.
[5] Odds FC. Molecular phylogenetics and epidemiology of Candida albicans[J]. Future Microbiol, 2010,5(1):67-79.
[6] Bougnoux ME, Tavanti A, Bouchier C, et al. Collaborative consensus for optimized multilocus sequence typing of Candida albicans[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2003,41(11):5265-5266.
[7] Chowdhary A, Lee-Yang W, Lasker B A, et al. Comparison of multilocus sequence typing and Ca3 fingerprinting for molecular subtyping epidemiologically-related clinical isolates of Candida albicans[J]. Med Mycol, 2006,44(5):405-417.
[8] Garcia-Hermoso D, Cabaret O, Lecellier G, et al. Comparison of microsatellite length polymorphism and multilocus sequence typing for DNA-Based typing of Candida albicans[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2007,45(12):3958-3963.
[9] Odds FC, Jacobsen M D. Multilocus sequence typing of pathogenic Candida species[J]. Eukaryot Cell, 2008,7(7):1075-1084.
[10] Tavanti A, Davidson A D, Fordyce M J, et al. Population structure and properties of Candida albicans, as determined by multilocus sequence typing[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2005,43(11):5601-5613.
[11] MacCallum D M, Castillo L, Nather K, et al. Property differences among the four major Candida albicans strain clades[J]. Eukaryot Cell, 2009,8(3):373-387.
[12] Da MD, Melo A S, Colombo A L, et al. Candidemia surveillance in Brazil: evidence for a geographical boundary defining an area exhibiting an abatement of infections by Candida albicans group 2 strains[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2010,48(9):3062-3067.
[13] Pujol C, Pfaller M, Soll D R. Ca3 fingerprinting of Candida albicans bloodstream isolates from the United States, Canada, South America, and Europe reveals a European clade[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2002,40(8):2729-2740.
[14] Ge S H, Xie J, Xu J, et al. Prevalence of specific and phylogenetically closely related genotypes in the population of Candida albicans associated with genital candidiasis in China[J]. Fungal Genet Biol, 2012,49(1):86-93.
[15] Cliff P R, Sandoe J A, Heritage J, et al. Use of multilocus sequence typing for the investigation of colonisation by Candida albicans in intensive care unit patients[J]. J Hosp Infect, 2008,69(1):24-32.
[16] Asticcioli S, Nucleo E, Perotti G, et al. Candida albicans in a neonatal intensive care unit: antifungal susceptibility and genotypic analysis[J]. New Microbiol, 2007,30(3):303-307.
[17] Bougnoux M E, Diogo D, Francois N, et al. Multilocus sequence typing reveals intrafamilial transmission and microevolutions of Candida albicans isolates from the human digestive tract[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2006,44(5):1810-1820.
[18] Dalle F, Franco N, Lopez J, et al. Comparative genotyping of Candida albicans bloodstream and nonbloodstream isolates at a polymorphic microsatellite locus[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2000,38(12):4554-4559.
[19] Gong Y B, Zheng J L, Jin B, et al. Particular Candida albicans strains in the digestive tract of dyspeptic patients, identified by multilocus sequence typing[J]. PLoS One, 2012,7(4):e35311.
[20] Dodgson A R, Dodgson K J, Pujol C, et al. Clade-specific flucytosine resistance is due to a single nucleotide change in the FUR1 gene of Candida albicans[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2004,48(6):2223-2227.
[21] Ge S H, Wan Z, Li J, et al. Correlation between azole susceptibilities, genotypes, and ERG11 mutations in Candida albicans isolates associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis in China[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2010,54(8):3126-3131.
[22] Leenders A C, van Belkum A, Behrendt M, et al. Density and molecular epidemiology of Aspergillus in air and relationship to outbreaks of Aspergillus infection[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 1999,37(6):1752-1757.
[23] Andriole V T. Infections with Aspergillus species[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 1993,17 Suppl 2:S481-S486.
[24] Vanhee L M, Symoens F, Jacobsen M D, et al. Comparison of multiple typing methods for Aspergillus fumigatus [J]. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2009,15(7):643-650.
[25] Balajee S A, Tay S T, Lasker B A, et al. Characterization of a novel gene for strain typing reveals substructuring of Aspergillus fumigatus across North America[J]. Eukaryot Cell, 2007,6(8):1392-1399.
[26] Klaassen C H. MLST versus microsatellites for typing Aspergillus fumigatus isolates[J]. Med Mycol, 2009,47 Suppl 1:S27-S33.
[27] Bart-Delabesse E, Humbert J F, Delabesse E, et al. Microsatellite markers for typing Aspergillus fumigatus isolates[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 1998,36(9):2413-2418.
[28] de Valk H A, Meis J F, Curfs I M, et al. Use of a novel panel of nine short tandem repeats for exact and high-resolution fingerprinting of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2005,43(8):4112-4120.
[29] Bain J M, Tavanti A, Davidson A D, et al. Multilocus sequence typing of the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus [J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2007,45(5):1469-1477.
[30] Bart-Delabesse E, Cordonnier C, Bretagne S. Usefulness of genotyping with microsatellite markers to investigate hospital-acquired invasive aspergillosis[J]. J Hosp Infect, 1999,42(4):321-327.
[31] Guinea J, Garcia D V D, Pelaez T, et al. Molecular epidemiology of Aspergillus fumigatus : an in-depth genotypic analysis of isolates involved in an outbreak of invasive aspergillosis[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2011,49(10):3498-3503.
[32] Lair-Fulleringer S, Guillot J, Desterke C, et al. Differentiation between isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus from breeding turkeys and their environment by genotyping with microsatellite markers[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2003,41(4):1798-1800.
[33] Vanhee L M, Symoens F, Bouchara J P, et al. High-resolution genotyping of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates recovered from chronically colonised patients with cystic fibrosis[J]. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2008,27(10):1005-1007.
[34] Bertout S, Renaud F, Barton R, et al. Genetic polymorphism of Aspergillus fumigatus in clinical samples from patients with invasive aspergillosis: investigation using multiple typing methods[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2001,39(5):1731-1737.
[35] Vanhee L M, Symoens F, Nelis H J, et al. Microsatellite typing of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates recovered from deep organ samples of patients with invasive aspergillosis[J]. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2008,62(1):96-98.
[36] Howard S J, Cerar D, Anderson M J, et al. Frequency and evolution of Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus associated with treatment failure[J]. Emerg Infect Dis, 2009,15(7):1068-1076.
[37] Mortensen K L, Jensen R H, Johansen H K, et al. Aspergillus species and other molds in respiratory samples from patients with cystic fibrosis: a laboratory-based study with focus on Aspergillus fumigatus azole resistance[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2011,49(6):2243-2251.
[38] Camps S M, Rijs A J, Klaassen C H, et al. Molecular epidemiology of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates harboring the TR34/L98H azole resistance mechanism[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2012,50(8):2674-2680.
[39] 唐梦丹, 郑建峰, 赵敬军. 我国不同地域烟曲霉临床分离株基因型及其药物敏感性研究: 2013全国中西医结合皮肤性病学术年会, 中国福建厦门[C], 2013.
[40] Gao L J, Sun Y, Wan Z, et al. CSP typing of Chinese Aspergillus fumigatus isolates: identification of additional CSP types[J]. Med Mycol, 2013.
[41] Mitchell T G, Perfect J R. Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS--100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans[J]. Clin Microbiol Rev, 1995,8(4):515-548.
[42] Escandon P, Sanchez A, Martinez M, et al. Molecular epidemiology of clinical and environmental isolates of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex reveals a high genetic diversity and the presence of the molecular type VGII mating type a in Colombia[J]. FEMS Yeast Res, 2006,6(4):625-635.
[43] Jain N, Wickes B L, Keller S M, et al. Molecular epidemiology of clinical Cryptococcus neoformans strains from India[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2005,43(11):5733-5742.
[44] Litvintseva A P, Thakur R, Vilgalys R, et al. Multilocus sequence typing reveals three genetic subpopulations of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii (serotype A), including a unique population in Botswana[J]. Genetics, 2006,172(4):2223-2238.
[45] Illnait-Zaragozi M T, Martinez-Machin G F, Fernandez-Andreu C M, et al. Microsatellite typing of clinical and environmental Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii isolates from Cuba shows multiple genetic lineages[J]. PLoS One, 2010,5(2):e9124.
[46] Pan W, Khayhan K, Hagen F, et al. Resistance of Asian Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A is confined to few microsatellite genotypes[J]. PLoS One, 2012,7(3):e32868.
[47] Gillece J D, Schupp J M, Balajee S A, et al. Whole genome sequence analysis of Cryptococcus gattii from the Pacific Northwest reveals unexpected diversity[J]. PLoS One, 2011,6(12):e28550.
[48] Feng X, Yao Z, Ren D, et al. Genotype and mating type analysis of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii isolates from China that mainly originated from non-HIV-infected patients[J]. FEMS Yeast Res, 2008,8(6):930-938.
[49] Chen M, Li X, Wu S, et al. Molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans species complex isolates from HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in southeast China[J]. Frontiers of Medicine in China, 2010,4(1):117-126.
[50] Chen J, Varma A, Diaz M R, et al. Cryptococcus neoformans strains and infection in apparently immunocompetent patients, China[J]. Emerg Infect Dis, 2008,14(5):755-762.
[51] Igreja R P, Lazera M S, Wanke B, et al. Molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from AIDS patients of the Brazilian city, Rio de Janeiro[J]. Med Mycol, 2004,42(3):229-238.
[52] Simwami S P, Khayhan K, Henk D A, et al. Low diversity Cryptococcus neoformans variety grubii multilocus sequence types from Thailand are consistent with an ancestral African origin[J]. PLoS Pathog, 2011,7(4):e1001343.