儿童浅部真菌感染的临床分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨儿童浅部真菌感染的流行特征和影响因素。方法收集2018年10月~2019年9月在我院皮肤科就诊的8343例0~14岁儿童的浅部真菌检测结果，并结合患儿的性别、年龄、季节及外环境温湿度等因素，分析儿童浅部真菌的感染情况和发病特征。结果就诊儿童浅部真菌感染率为17.20%（1435/8343），其中头癣144例、体癣235例、手癣27例、甲癣183例、股癣55例、足癣791例，足癣占比最高，达55.12%。经χ²检验，患儿菌丝总体检出率高于孢子（P<0.001），头癣患儿孢子检出率高于菌丝（P<0.001），甲癣、股癣和足癣患儿菌丝检出率高于孢子（P<0.001）；就诊儿童浅部真菌感染率男性高于女性（P<0.001），0~3岁儿童感染率最低（P<0.001），夏季感染率最高而冬季感染率最低（P=0.002），不同性别、年龄和季节浅部真菌感染部位具有一定差异。经相关性分析，儿童浅部真菌感染率与月均温度明显相关，温度越高，浅部真菌感染率越高（P <0.001）；儿童浅部真菌感染率与相对湿度之间不存在相关性（P=0.966）。结论浅部真菌感染是引起儿童皮肤症状的重要因素之一，不同类型浅部真菌感染的菌丝和孢子检出率具有一定差异，性别、年龄、季节和温度是影响儿童浅部真菌感染的重要因素。

关键词: 浅部真菌感染, 菌丝, 孢子, 季节, 温湿度

Abstract:

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of superficial fungal infections in children. Methods The superficial fungal examination results of 8343 children aged 0-14 who visited the dermatology department of our hospital from October 2018 to September 2019 were collected, and the superficial fungal infection and morbidity characteristics were analyzed combined with the gender, age, season, temperature and humidity. Results The superficial fungal infection rate of children was 17.20% (1435/8343), including 144 cases of tinea capitis, 235 cases of body ringworm, 27 cases of hand ringworm, 183 cases of onychomycosis, 55 cases of jock itch and 791 cases of tinea pedis, in which the tinea pedis accounted for the highest proportion, reaching 55.12%. According to the chi-square test, the overall detection rate of mycelium in children was higher than that of spores (P<0.001), and the detection rate of spores was higher than that of mycelia in children with tinea capitis (P<0.001), while the detection rates of mycelium were higher than that of spores in children with onychomycosis, tinea cruris and tinea pedis (P<0.001). The rate of superficial fungal infection in males was higher than that in females (P<0.001), children aged 0-3 had the lowest infection rate (P<0.001), and the infection rate was the highest in summer while lowest in winter (P=0.002). There were certain infection sites differences in different genders, ages and seasons. Correlation analysis showed that the rate of superficial fungal infection in children was significantly related to the monthly average temperature. The higher the temperature, the higher the infection rate (P<0.001). There was no correlation between the infection rate in children and relative humidity (P=0.966). Conclusion Superficial fungal infections are one of the important factors that cause children's skin symptoms. The detection rates of mycelium and spores of different types of superficial fungal infections have certain differences. Gender, age, season and temperature are important factors affecting children's superficial fungal infections.

Key words: superficial fungal infection, mycelium, spores, season, temperature and humidity

中图分类号:

R756

程颖, 陈丹. 儿童浅部真菌感染的临床分析[J]. 中国真菌学杂志, 2020, 15(5): 288-292.

CHENG Ying, Chen Dan. Analysis of children superficial fungal infections[J]. Chinese Journal of Mycology, 2020, 15(5): 288-292.

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