参与真菌形态及毒力形成的信号转导通路的研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自然界中,无论单细胞还是多细胞生物,都是通过信号通路与周围环境相互作用来维持自身的稳态和生理状态,真菌也是利用其信号系统来感应外界环境的变化并调控繁殖、发展和毒力,信号转导系统是一个多因素共同参与的极其复杂的过程。真菌通过其信号传导系统(主要有双组份信号传导系统、MAPK信号系统、cAMP-PKA信号系统)感受并将变化了的环境信号因子级联传递至细胞内,引起特定的基因表达,参与调控细胞生长、发育、分裂和分化等诸多生理及病理过程,并在基因表达调控和细胞质功能活动中发挥作用。对这些传导通路的了解不仅有助于阐明各通路在病原真菌毒力调控过程中的作用机制,而且还为寻找新的抗真菌药物的作用靶点提供帮助。该文将综述真菌中几种重要信号转导通路的研究进展。

关键词: 真菌形态, 毒力, 信号转导, 通路

中图分类号:

R379

侯彬彬, 刘霞, 张振颖, 刘晓明. 参与真菌形态及毒力形成的信号转导通路的研究进展[J]. 中国真菌学杂志, 2015, 10(4): 241-244.

参考文献

[1] Catlett NL,Yoder OC,Turgeon BG.Whole-genome analysis of two-component signal transduction genes in fungal pathogens[J].Eukaryot Cell,2003,2(6):1151-1161.
[2] Maeda T,Takekawa M,Saito H.Activation of yeast PBS2 MAPKK by MAPKKKs or by binding of an SH3-containing osmosensor[J].Science,1995,269(5223):554-558.
[3] Posas F1,Wurgler-Murphy SM,Maeda T,et al.Yeast HOG1 MAP kinase cascade is regulated by a multistep phosphorelay mechanism in the SLN1-YPD1-SSK1 "two-component" osmosensor[J].Cell,1996,86(6):865-875.
[4] Buck V,Quinn J,Soto Pino T,et al.Peroxide sensors for the fission yeast stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway[J].Mol Biol Cell,2001,12(2):407-419.
[5] Yamada-Okabe T,Mio T,Ono N,et al.Roles of three histidine kinase genes in hyphal development and virulence of the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans[J].J Bacteriol,1999,181(23):7243-7247.
[6] Alex LA,Korch C,Selitrennikoff CP,et al.COS1,a two-component histidine kinase that is involved in hyphal development in the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1998,95 (12):7069-7073.
[7] Srikantha T,Tsai L,Daniels K,et al.The two-component hybrid kinase regulator CaNIK1 of Candida albicans[J].Microbiology,1998,144(Pt.10):2715-2729.
[8] Bahn,YS,Kojima k,Cox GM,et al.A unique fungal two-component system regulates stress responses,drug sensitivity,sexual development,and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans[J].Mol Biol Cell,2006,17 (7):3122-3135.
[9] Chun,CD,Liu OW,and Madhani HD.A link between virulence and homeostatic responses to hypoxia during infection by the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans[J].PLoS Pathog,2007,3(2):e22.
[10] Du C,Sarfati J,Latge JP,and Calderone R.The role of the sakA (Hog1) and tcsB (sln1) genes in the oxidant adaptation of Aspergillus fumigatus[J].Med Mycol,2006,44(3):211-218.
[11] Furukawa K,Katsuno Y,Urao T,et al.Isolation and functional analysis of a gene,tcsB,encoding a transmembrane hybridtype histidine kinase from Aspergillus nidulans[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2002,68(11):5304-5310.
[12] Alex LA,Borkovich KA and Simon MI.Hyphal development in Neurospora crassa:involvement of a two-component histidine kinase[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1996,93(8):3416-3421.
[13] Virginia M,Appleyard CL,McPheat ML,et al.A novel 'two-component' protein containing histidine kinase and response regulator domains required for sporulation in Aspergillus nidulans[J].Curr Genet,2000,37 (6):364-372.
[14] Posas F,Takekawa M and Saito H.Signal transduction by MAP kinase cascades in budding yeast[J].Curr Opin Microbiol,1998,1(2):175-182.
[15] Kayingo G,Wong B.The MAP kinase Hog1p differentially regulates stress-induced production and accumulation of glycerol and Darabitol in Candida albicans[J].Microbiology,2005,151(9):2987-2999.
[16] Robbins N,Uppuluri P,Nett J,et al.Hsp90 governs dispersion and drug resistance of fungal biofilms[J].PLoS Pathogens,2011,7(9):e1002257.
[17] De Dios CH,Román E,Monge RA,et al.The role of MAPK signal transduction pathways in the response to oxidative stress in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans:implications in virulence[J].Curr Protein Pept,2010,11 (8):693-703.
[18] Kelly J,Rowan R,McCann M,et al.Exposure to caspofungin activates Cap and Hog pathways in Candida albicans[J].Med Mycol,2009,47(7):697-706.
[19] Alonso MR,Carvaihlo S,Nombela C,et al.The Hogl MAP kinase controls respiratory metabolism in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans[J].Microbiology,2009,155(2):413-423.
[20] Arana DM,Nombela C,Alonso-Monge R,et al.The Pbs2 MAP kinase kinase is essential for the oxidative-stress response in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans[J].Microbiology,,151(4):1033-1049.
[21] Roman E,Arana DM,Nombela C,et al.MAP kinase pathways as regulators of fungal virulence[J].Trends Microbiol,2007,15(4):181-190.
[22] Kraus PR,Fox DS,Cox GM,et al.The Cryptococcus neoformans MAP kinase Mpk1 regulates cell integrity in re-sponse to antifungal drugs and loss of calcineurin function[J].Mol Microbiol,2003,48(5):1377-1387.
[23] Kojima K,Bahn YS,Heitman J.Calcineurin,Mpk1 and Hog1 MAPK pathways independently control fludioxonil antifungal sensitivity in Cryptococcus neoformans[J].Microbiology,2006,152 (Pt 3):591-604.
[24] Bahn YS,Kojima K,Cox GM,et al.A unique fungal two-component system regulates stress responses,drug sensitivity,sexual development,and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans[J].Mol Biol Cell,2006,17(7):3122-3135.
[25] Gerik KJ,Bhimireddy SR,Ryerse JS,et al.PKC1 is essential for protection against both oxidative and nitrosative stresses,cellintegrity,and normal manifestation of virulence factors in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans[J].Eukaryot Cell,2008,7(10):1685-1698.
[26] Sugimoto al,Iino Y,Maeda T,et al.Schizosaccharomyces pombe ste11+ encodes a transcription factor with an HMG motif that is a critical regulator of sexual development[J].Genes Dev.1991,5(11):1990-1999.
[27] Kübler E1,Mösch HU,Rupp S,et al.Gpa2p,a G-protein alpha-subunit,regulates growth and pseudohyphal development in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via a cAMP-dependent mechanism[J].J Biol Chem.1997,272(33):20321-20323.
[28] Weston C1,Bond M,Croft W,et al.The coordination of cell growth during fission yeast mating requires Ras1-GTP hydrolysis[J].PLoS One,2013,8(10):e77487.
[29] BoyceKJ and Andrianopoulos A.Ste20-related kinases:effectors of signaling and morphogenesis in fungi[J].Trends Microbiol,2011,19(8):400-410.
[30] Truckses DM,Garrenton LS,Thorner J.Jekyll and Hyde in the microbial word[J].Science,2004,306(5701):1509-1511.